Inorganic ion-exchange membran

A sol of metal alkoxides has been used to prepare inorganic ion exchange membranes. Metal alkoxides are easily hydrolyzed to form a metal hydroxide sol in the presence of acid. The sol is then repeatedly coated on a microporous inorganic membrane (alumina substrate) and heated to form a metal oxide on the substrate, which is an inorganic ion exchanger.139 Though this is also a heterogeneous membrane, some reported membranes show lithium ion permselectivity in electrodialysis.140... 

G.A. Gutter and H.K. Bishop, Investigation of inorganic ion exchange membranes for electrodialysis application, Office of Saline Water, Research and Development Progress Report, No. 279. 

K.S. Rajan, D.B. Boies, A.J. Casolo and J.I. Bregman, Inorganic ion-exchange membranes and their application to electrodialysis, Desalination, 1966, 1, 231-246 Electrodialytic demineralization of brackish waters by using inorganic ion-exchange membranes, Desalination, 1968, 5, 371-390. 

Alberti, G., Casciola, M., Costatino, U., Levi, G., Inorganic ion exchange membranes consisting of microciystals of zirconium phosphate supported by Kynar , J. Membr Sci., 1978, 3,179-190. 

The sensor construction is shown in Figure 16. As a proton conductor, Nafion (DU PONT, Nafion 117 H-type) membrane or disks of several inorganic ion exchangers were used. With sample gas and reference air passing over the respective electrodes, the electric... 

Two types of membranes may eontains fillers hydrophobie membranes (usually polydimelhoxysiloxane filled with zoelites) and heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes which may contain various surface modified inorganic materials. 

Research efforts have revealed that cells possess several sophisticated mechanisms that together rapidly correct even the most minor changes in osmolarity. The best understood of these is the exchange of inorganic ions across membranes (Figure 3A). For example, when a cell is engaged in the synthesis of protein, the resulting reduction in the concentration of amino acids causes water to flow out of the cell. 

H. Ohya, K. Masaoka, M. Aihara and Y. Negishi, Properties of new inorganic membranes prepared by metal alkoxide methods. Part III. New inorganic lithium permselective ion exchange membrane, J. Membr. Sci., 1998,146, 9-13. 

In the case of dissolved or complexed inorganic substances in organic or aqueous solutions, liquid-liquid extraction, flotation, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separations, or chemical precipitation become the processes of choice. 

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