Inorganic cations separation

Figure 4.50 Comparison of standard suppression and the converter mode for the separation of inorganic cations. Separator column lonPac CS12A column temperature 30 °C eluent 20mmol/L methanesulfonic acid flow...

Figure 4.59 Separation of morpholine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, cyclohexylamine, and the six standard inorganic cations. Separator column lonPac CS12A column temperature 40 °C eluent H2SOVMeCN gradient 8 mmol/L (98 2 v/v) for 7 min, step to 14 mmol/L H2SO4 (96 4 v/v), for 4min, and then step to 25 mmol/L (95 5 v/v) flow rate 1 mL/min ...

Figure 4.77 Separation of diethyienetriamine and triethyienetetramine together with other poiyamines and inorganic cations. Separator coiumn ionPac CS18 coiumn dimensions ...

Figure 4.80 Gradient elution of methylamines together with the six standard inorganic cations. Separator column lonPac CS12A eluent H2SO4 gradient 8mmol/L isocratically for 4 min and then to 20mmol/L in 4min flow rate 1 mL/min detection suppressed conductivity injection volume 25 pL peaks 0.5 mg/L...

Figure 4.81 Gradient elution of ethanolamines together with the six standard inorganic cations. Separator column lonPac CS15 column dimensions 250 mm x 2 mm i.d. column temperature 40 °C eluent methanesulfonic acid gradient 2 mmol/L isocratically for 14 min and then to 27 mmol/L in 16 min flow rate 0.3 ml7...

Figure 10.285 Separation of carbachol, betha-nechol, and choiine from common inorganic cations. Separator coiumn lonPac CS17 column temperature 25 °C eluent 5mmol/L methanesulfonic acid (EG) flow rate 1 mlVmin detection suppressed conductivity injection...

Fig. 4-71. Gradient elution of ethylamines together with the six standard inorganic cations. - Separator column lonPac CS15 (2-mm) column temperature 40°C eluant methanesulfonic acid-acetonitrile (94 6 v/v) gradient 2.5 mmol/L isocratically for 10 min, then to 14 mmol/L in 5 min flow rate 0.3 mL/ min detection suppressed conductivity ...

Self-Test M4.1B Inorganic cations can be separated by liquid chromatography according to their ability to form complexes with chloride ions. For the separation, the stationary phase is saturated with water and the mobile phase is a solution of HCI in acetone. The relative solubilities of the following chlorides in concentrated hydrochloric acid are CuCl2 > CoCl2 > NiCl2. What is the order of elution of these compounds ... 

The previous chapters have demonstrated that liquid-liquid extraction is a mass transfer unit operation involving two liquid phases, the raffinate and the extract phase, which have very small mutual solubihty. Let us assume that the raffinate phase is wastewater from a coke plant polluted with phenol. To separate the phenol from the water, there must be close contact with the extract phase, toluene in this case. Water and toluene are not mutually soluble, but toluene is a better solvent for phenol and can extract it from water. Thus, toluene and phenol together are the extract phase. If the solvent reacts with the extracted substance during the extraction, the whole process is called reactive extraction. The reaction is usually used to alter the properties of inorganic cations and anions so they can be extracted from an aqueous solution into the nonpolar organic phase. The mechanisms for these reactions involve ion pah-formation, solvation of an ionic compound, or formation of covalent metal-extractant complexes (see Chapters 3 and 4). Often formation of these new species is a slow process and, in many cases, it is not possible to use columns for this type of extraction mixer-settlers are used instead (Chapter 8). 

Another buffer additive, 18-crown-6-ether, which complexed with K+, was added to the CE run buffer to separate K+ from NH4+. This method was applied to separate a mixture containing seven explosive-related cations and anions in a PMMA chip. NH4+, K+, and Na+ are pre-explosive inorganic cations, NH4+, CH3NH3+, K+, and Na+ are post-explosive cations, and Cl-, N03-, and C104- are post-explosive anions [621]. 

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