Initial energizing

For small voltage changes that occur infrequently, flicker is not a serious concern but certainly can be a source of major annoyance. Typically, flicker is caused when a load that requires large currents during startup is initially energized. If the starts are frequent or if the current requirement of the load fluctuates rapidly during each cycle of operation, then flicker effects can be quite pronounced. Examples of loads that could cause light flicker are elevators, arc furnaces, and arc welders. 

Figure 2.4 illustrates electron and proton transport processes. Electrons are initially energized by sunlight hitting photosystem II (PSII see figure legend) and transported to photosystem I (PSI). In PSI, sunhght energy is again imparted and the electrons are transferred by ferredoxin, another electron carrier, to NADPH. Electron transport from PSII to PSI is via plastoquinone (PQ), cytochrome b6/cytochrome f complex, and plastocyanin (blue arrows in Fig. 2.4). During electron transport, protons are taken up by plastoquinone (similar to...

TABLE 2—Average initiation energ release rates for static and dynamic testing. 

Figure 22 shows the result of a calculation on the quantum dynamics of benzene initially excited to the sixth vibrational level of C—H. The population of the sixth level (denoted cch(OP) is seen to decay rapidly in time, with concomitant growth of population in the various tiers. The essential features of this quantum calculation are in accord with the classical results by the same authors and describe the dynamics of benzene, initially energized in the C—H vibration, as decay via a specific pathway of resonances between zero-order modes. 

To energize the moleciiles of oxygen and flammable vapors into combining with one another and so initiating a chemical reaction. 

Safe-starting device This is provided to ensure that no apparatus within the enclosure is energized until the initial atmosphere within the casing has been completely displaced. 

The explosion was due to a failure to directly measure the property that we wish to know. The temperature point was not measuring the temperature in the reactor but the temperature near the pump. This got hot because the pump was running with a closed suction valve. Similarly, the trip initiator on J2 showed that its motor was energized. It did not prove that there was a flow. 

In seals which are not pressure-energized, sealing force is provided by the residual stress in the compressed seal, so that stress relaxation becomes an important factor. Even for more common simations using pressure-energized seals, residual stress is required at initial start-up—or after a... 

In oriented, partially dehydrated multilayers, under conditions suitable for X-ray diffraction studies, the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles retain much of their ATP energized Ca transport activity [200-202], The Ca transport can be initiated by flash-photolysis of P -l(2-nitro)phenyl-ethyladenosine-5 -triphosphate, caged ATP [203-208], The flash-photolysis of caged ATP rapidly releases ATP and effectively synchronizes the Ca transport cycle of the ensemble of Ca -ATPase molecules [190-192,201,209],... 

M.D. Hampton, R. luturu, 1. Lomness, The activation of Mg Ni for initial hydrogen uptake by treatment with water vapor , Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 24 (1999) 981-988. 

Table 4.2 gives decomposition lifetimes extracted from the flow tube data. Keep in mind that these kinetic data are for conditions in which a combination molecule-buffer gas, molecule-molecule, and molecule-wall collisions occur. The wall surface in the flow tube was quartz, and the slight discoloration observed indicates that there was initially some decomposition on the walls. Note, however, that there was no build-up of material on the walls beyond the initial transparently thin carbonaceous coating, and no products (e.g., polymer fragments) were observed that might be expected from reaction on the walls, or from bimolecular reactions. It appears that the decomposition is dominated by true unimolecu-lar reactions however, collisions with the walls are undoubtedly important in energizing the molecules for dissociation. 

The response, by both students and faculty, to the elective offerings has been much more positive than initially anticipated. Developing these advanced courses has energized the faculty and the students are very receptive to having input into what courses are offered and, in some cases, what topics are covered in the elective courses. 

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