Inherent structure , cooperatively

One of the plausible interpretations we could deduce from their findings is that, as shown in Ar6 isomerization dynamics [13-20] and intermittent, collective motions of water molecules among the inherent structures in liquid water [30,31], transitions from a basin to one another occur cooperatively as dynamical processes if they occur through a bottleneck among (super) basins, a family of an enormous number of small basins through which the system can frequently go without any significant barriers. 

On the basis of data obtained the possibility of substrates distribution and their D-values prediction using the regressions which consider the hydrophobicity and stmcture of amines was investigated. The hydrophobicity of amines was estimated by the distribution coefficient value in the water-octanole system (Ig P). The molecular structure of aromatic amines was characterized by the first-order molecular connectivity indexes ( x)- H was shown the independent and cooperative influence of the Ig P and parameters of amines on their distribution. Evidently, this fact demonstrates the host-guest phenomenon which is inherent to the organized media. The obtained in the research data were used for optimization of the conditions of micellar-extraction preconcentrating of metal ions with amines into the NS-rich phase with the following determination by atomic-absorption method. 

Realistic three-dimensional computer models for water were proposed already more than 30 years ago (16). However, even relatively simple effective water model potentials based on point charges and Leimard-Jones interactions are still very expensive computationally. Significant progress with respect to the models ability to describe water s thermodynamic, structural, and dynamic features accurately has been achieved recently (101-103). However, early studies have shown that water models essentially capture the effects of hydrophobic hydration and interaction on a near quantitative level (81, 82, 104). Recent simulations suggest that the exact size of the solvation entropy of hydrophobic particles is related to the ability of the water models to account for water s thermodynamic anomalous behavior (105-108). Because the hydrophobic interaction is inherently a multibody interaction (105), it has been suggested to compute pair- and higher-order contributions from realistic computer simulations. However, currently it is inconclusive whether three-body effects are cooperative or anticooperative (109). 

Because lipid bilayers are held together by many reinforcing, noncovalent interactions (predominantly hydrophobic), they are cooperative structures. These hydrophobic interactions have three significant biological consequences (1) lipid bilayers have an inherent tendency to be extensive (2) lipid bilayers will tend to close on themselves so that there are no edges with exposed hydrocarbon chains, and so they form compartments and (3) lipid bilayers are self-sealing because a hole in a bilayer is energetically unfavorable. 

The heterogeneous nature of polymer melts at Tgtwinkling fractal theory (TFT) [Wool, 2008a,b]. Wool considers Tg to result from the molecular cooperativity that leads to dynamic percolating fractal structures below Tc. He assumes Boltzmann distribution of diatomic oscillators interacting via the Morse anharmonic potential. Integrating the latter from zero to the inflection point, he expresses the T dependence of solidified polymer fraction as... 

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