INGAMELLS’ constant

Ingamells related Gy s sampling constant to Ingamells constant by K, = fgcl(d X 10 )... 

INGAMELLS constant, Cs, is well estimated by measurements of sets of samples with different weights [INGAMELLS, 1974 a]. If INGAMELLS theory is applied to several sets of individual samples with different weights, the degree of homogenization can be determined. 

Visman developed the theory of sampling taking into consideration the effect of segregation. The experimentally estimated variance 1 is related to two sampling constants, a homogeneity constant A, which is similar to Ingamells constant, and a segregation constant B ... 

Ingamells CO (1976) Derivation of the sampling constant equation. Talanta 23 263... 

Ingamells CO, Switzer P (1973) A proposed sampling constant for use in geochemical analysis. Talanta 20 547... 

Given these data, what statements can we make about the number and size of samples that would have to be taken to hold the sampling standard deviation to some prescribed level Calculation of Ingamell subsampling constant is not appropriate since segregation is present. 

A quite similar consideration was published by INGAMELLS and SWITZER [1973] and by INGAMELLS [1974b 1976]. A sampling constant Cs is proposed which enables estimation of error of subsampling, i.e. the withdrawal of a small portion from a well mixed material. The relationship to GY s equation (Eq. 4-7) is given by ... 

Ingamells, C.O. A further note on the sampling constant equation. Talanta 25,731-732 (1978)... 

If we make the assumption that the sample mass m is proportional to the number of particles and the other quantities in Equation 8-6 are constant, the product of m and (T. should be a constant. This constant is called Ingamells sampling constant. Thus,... 

Ingamell s equations show how the size of the sample needed to minimise sampling error is dependent on the maximum particle size of the sample, using a sampling constant Ks, the amount of sample required to ensure that the sampling uncertainty will not exceed a desired level assuming a precise analytical method (Vander Voet Riddle 1993). 

Several experimental approaches have been applied for determining the fiber Tg under hot wet conditions [199-203]. Aiken et al. [199] compared the Tg of a commercial acrylic yarn in the dry state and in water using dynamic-mechanical analysis, and observed a reduction from 92 to 72°C. Bell and Murayama [200] observed that the Tg of a commercial AN-NA copolymer decreased from 128°C when dry to 80°C in a 100% relative humidity atmosphere. Gur-Arieh and Ingamells [201] related the extension in length of Acrilan filaments to a Tg reduction and showed a shift from a 90°C in air to 57°C in water. Finally, Hori et al. [202] used DSC to show that the Tg of four kinds of acryhc fibers decreased with increasing water content and approached an almost constant value for all four fibers. 

Ingamells defined a sampling constant, K, for characterization of the homogeneity of a well-mixed laboratory sample. The relative standard deviation, R, expressed in per cent... 

Ingamells sampling constant can be evaluated by comparing expressions [31] and [32] with eqns [30], [25]-[26a]. Ingamells himself gave several theoretical expressions for K, one was in the following form ... 

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