Influenza vaccines rheumatic disease

Immuuologic There is controversy about whether autoimmune or rheumatic diseases can be precipitated by immunization. Vasculitis after influenza vaccines have been discussed as a possible new entity [32 ]. 

Aikawa NE, Campos LMA, Silva CA, Carvalho JF, Saad CGS, Trudes G, et al. Glucocorticoid major factor for reduced immunogenicity of 2009 influenza A (HlNl) vaccine in patients with juvenile autoimmune rheumatic disease. J Rheumatol 2012 39(l) 167-73. 

Aikawa N, Trudes G, Campos L, Pereira R, Moraes J, Riberro A, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of two doses of a non-adjuvanted influenza A HlNl /2009 vaccine in young autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients. Lupus 2013 22(13) 1394-8. 

Prophylaxis against relapses of rheumatic fever (secondary prevention of rheumatic heart disease) is discussed in Section II of this chapter. In most developed countries, national vaccination programs with vaccines against diphteria and Haemophilus influenzae type b have virtually eliminated the complications of diphteria and acute epiglottitis. 

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