Influence of vapor

10%H2/Ar and without (a) or in the presence of vapor (b). Profiles evidence that vapor influences the reduction temperature shifting the maximum peak to higher temperatures. 

The first peak is associated to the reduction of NiO with low interaction with the support, while the second and third peaks, which are partially superimposed, are associated to the reduction of NiO interacting with the support, thus, to the reduction of nickel aluminates. The reduction degree was 100% and the particle sizes of 200 A. XRD data confirmed the existence of metallic Ni, aluminates and lanthanum aluminates in this sample after reduction. 

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Semin D.J., Rowlen K.L., Influence of vapor-deposition parameters on SERS active Ag film morphology and optical-properties, Anat. Chem. 1994 66 4324-4331. 

Peterson MS, Lion LW, Shoemaker CA (1988) Influence of vapor phase sorption and diffusion on the fate of trichloroethylene in an unsaturated aquifer system. Environ Sci Technol 22 571-578 Petersen LW, Moldrup P, El-Farhan YH, Jacobsen OH, Yamaguchi Y, Rolston DE (1995) The effect of moisture and soil texture on the adsorption of organic vapors. J Environ Qual 24 752-759 Pignatello JJ (1989) Sorption dynamics of organic compounds in soils and sediments. In Sawhney BL, Brown K (eds) Reactions and movement of organic chemicals in soils. Soil Sci Soc Amer Spec Publ 22 45- 81... 

Peterson, M S., Lion, L.W., Shoemaker, C.A. (1988) Influence of vapor-phase sorption and diffusion on the fate of trichloroethylene in an unsaturated aquifer system. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 571-578. 

Regions below the loading point as well as the loading region itself are apparent from liquid holdup and interfacial area data as shown in Figure 12.52. At low rates, there is little influence of vapor rate on holdup and interfacial area. This behavior is typical of random as well as structured packings. In the latter, the effects of the rates on interfacial area seem to be less pronounced than for random packings. The appearance of the flood point in the holdup and area plots will undoubtedly match the flood point in the pressure drop. 

FIGURE 14.8 Influence of vapor drag during laminar free convection condensation on a vertical plate [31]. (Reprinted with permission from JSME International Journal, Tokyo, Japan.)... 

In the absence of vapor shear effects, the heat transfer coefficient around the lower tubes in a bundle should decrease. However, in general, it is difficult to predict the actual value in a tube bundle depending on the influence of vapor and condensate velocities, turbulence effects, vapor flow direction, tube bundle layout, pressure, heat transfer surface conditions, and so on. 

Key hygroscopicity curve for ethyl ene glycol showing influence of vapor pressure of water at test temperature on amounts of moisture absorbed by ethylene glycol for system equilibrium at various temperatures and various absolute humidities. 

Ma HB, Peterson GP, Lu X (1994) The influence of vapor-liquid interactions on the liquid pressure drop in triangular microgrooves. Int J Heat Mass Transf 37(15) 2211-2219... 

Ao represents physical equilibrium. It places a limit on the possible accumulation of NCI3 and is independent of vaporizer design. The term kxjp in the denominator shows the influence of vaporizer design and process conditions. 

D. J. Semin and K. L. Rowlen, Influence of Vapor Deposition Paianteters on SERS Active Ag Him... 

P(m,x) As the influence of vapor flow content x and mass flow density m... 

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