Inflammation, granulocyte adhesion

Figure 31.4. Time course of cellular and molecular activation folowing stroke. Diagrammatic representation of the time course of cellular activation (PNL, polymorphonuclear leukocytes M( ), macrophages) and inflammatory molecular expression (GM, granulocyte and monocyte colony-stimulating factor ICAM, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 VCAM, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor a IL-1 3, interleukin 1(3 lL-6, interleukin 6 IL-8, interleukin 8 lL-10, interleukin 10) in human brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood after stroke. Reproduced from Nilupul Perera M, Ma HK, Arakawa S, Howells DW, Markus R, Rowe CC, Donnan GA (2006). Inflammation following stroke. J Clin Neurosci, 13 1-8 (with permission from Elsevier).

NF-kB regulates many genes involved in inflammation, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1, mmor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), IL-6, chemokine, IL-8, E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Brennan et al., 1995 Akira and Kishimoto, 1997 Bames and Adcock, 1998 Rahman and MacNee, 1998 McClintock et al., 2002). Arroyo et al. (2000) found a dose-dependent increase in TNF-a, IL-6, and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1-beta) in SM-treated human keratinocyte cells. 

Presently, much interest is focussed on the role of the selectins during inflammation and in transplantation medicine, sinee it was recognized that selectins are involved in the rolling and adhesion of granulocytes to endothelia under the influenee of inflammatory cytokines [1034,1037,1039,1052]. This is a multistep process in which other adhesion... 

One of the best-documented activities of OxPLs related to inflammation is their ability to stimulate leukocyte binding to endothelial cells. Pretreatment of cultured endothelial cells with a mixture of oxidized species (OxPAPC) leads to selective adhesion of monocytes, but not granulocytes [1]. This effect is reproduced by... 

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