Inelastic scattering, and

Electrons interact with solid surfaces by elastic and inelastic scattering, and these interactions are employed in electron spectroscopy. For example, electrons that elastically scatter will diffract from a single-crystal lattice. The diffraction pattern can be used as a means of stnictural detenuination, as in FEED. Electrons scatter inelastically by inducing electronic and vibrational excitations in the surface region. These losses fonu the basis of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). An incident electron can also knock out an iimer-shell, or core, electron from an atom in the solid that will, in turn, initiate an Auger process. Electrons can also be used to induce stimulated desorption, as described in section Al.7.5.6. 

This chapter deals with qnantal and semiclassical theory of heavy-particle and electron-atom collisions. Basic and nsefnl fonnnlae for cross sections, rates and associated quantities are presented. A consistent description of the mathematics and vocabnlary of scattering is provided. Topics covered inclnde collisions, rate coefficients, qnantal transition rates and cross sections. Bom cross sections, qnantal potential scattering, collisions between identical particles, qnantal inelastic heavy-particle collisions, electron-atom inelastic collisions, semiclassical inelastic scattering and long-range interactions. 

The preferable theoretical tools for the description of dynamical processes in systems of a few atoms are certainly quantum mechanical calculations. There is a large arsenal of powerful, well established methods for quantum mechanical computations of processes such as photoexcitation, photodissociation, inelastic scattering and reactive collisions for systems having, in the present state-of-the-art, up to three or four atoms, typically. " Both time-dependent and time-independent numerically exact algorithms are available for many of the processes, so in cases where potential surfaces of good accuracy are available, excellent quantitative agreement with experiment is generally obtained. In addition to the full quantum-mechanical methods, sophisticated semiclassical approximations have been developed that for many cases are essentially of near-quantitative accuracy and certainly at a level sufficient for the interpretation of most experiments.These methods also are com-... 

The total contribution to the Auger electron signal is then dependent upon the attenuation length (kM) in the matrix before being inelastically scattered, and upon the transmission efficiency of the electron spectrometer as well as the efficiency of the electron detector. Calculated intensities of Auger peaks rarely give an accuracy better than 50%, and it is more reliable to adopt an approach which utilises standards, preferably obtained in the same instrument. 

In this investigation, only electron inelastic scattering and x-ray line broadening were chosen for substantial correction. There were two principal reasons first, these broadening mechanisms account for the largest part of the distortion, and, second their contributions are easily determined or approximated. 

The electrons that are not scattered elastically lose their energy on penetrating a phosphor crystal by inelastic scattering and formation of secondary electrons. 

M.P. Gaigeot et al., Analysis of the structural and vibrational properties of RNA building blocks by means of neutron inelastic scattering and density functional theory calculations. Chem. Phys. 261, 217-237 (2000)... 

Structural information important for catalyst characterization can be obtained from neutron diffraction, inelastic scattering, and small-angle scattering. Each experimental technique yields a different type of structural information. 

Maruyama, Y., Futamata M. (2005). Inelastic scattering and emission correlated with enormous SERS of dye adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles. 

Because neutrons are electrically neutral, their interaction with electrons is very small and primary ionization by neutrons is negligible. The interaction of neutrons with matter is practically confined to the nuclei and comprises elastic and inelastic scattering and nuclear reactions. In elastic collisions the total kinetic energy remains constant, whereas in inelastic collisions part of the kinetic energy is given off as excitation energy. 

Different types of interaction are distinguished, as illustrated in Fig. 8.23. (The spherical form is a simplification which is only applicable for nuclei with nuclear spin / = 0.) On path 1 the nuclei are not touching each other elastic scattering and Coulomb excitation are expected. On path 2 the nuclei are coming into contact with each other and nuclear forces become effective inelastic scattering and transfer reactions... 

Nexkin, M. Slow-neutron inelastic scattering and neutron thermalization. 

Figure 3.36 Inelastic scattering in a specimen (a) cone of electron radiation is generated by inelastic scattering and (b) intensity of inelastic scattering decreases with angle between the primary beam direction and the scattered ray. (Reproduced with permission from M. von Heimandahl, Electron Microscopy of Materials, Academic Press, New York. 1980 Elsevier B. V.)...

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