Industrial gases hydrogen

Toxic or malodorous pollutants can be removed from industrial gas streams by reaction with hydrogen peroxide (174,175). Many Hquid-phase methods have been patented for the removal of NO gases (138,142,174,176—178), sulfur dioxide, reduced sulfur compounds, amines (154,171,172), and phenols (169). Other effluent treatments include the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and COD, color, odor (142,179,180), and chlorine concentration. 

Solutions of iron chelates can be used to remove hydrogen sulfide and oxides of sulfur and nitrogen in industrial gas scmbbing processes (41,50,51) before flue gases are released to the atmosphere. 

Removal of sulphides from leather industry waste Generation of sulphide gas Hydrogen sulphide... 

Other Techniques Continuous methods for monitoring sulfur dioxide include electrochemical cells and infrared techniques. Sulfur trioxide can be measured by FTIR techniques. The main components of the reduced-sulfur compounds emitted, for example, from the pulp and paper industry, are hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptane, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide. These can be determined separately using FTIR and gas chromatographic techniques. 

Velikanov EB, Safonov VA. 1993. [Effects of industrial natural hydrogen sulphide-containing gas of Astrakhan field on respiratory neurons activity.] Biull Eksp Biol Med 116(7) 32-34. (Russian)... 

Alicyclic amines are used as pesticides, plasticizers, explosives, inhibitors of metal corrosion and sweetening agents as well as having uses in the pharmaceuticals industry. Aniline hydrogenation has been studied in the literature with the main reaction products cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, A-phenylcyclohexylamine, diphenylamine, ammonia, benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone [1-9], The products formed depend on the catalyst used, reaction temperature, solvent and whether the reaction is performed in gas or liquid phase. For example high temperature, gas-phase aniline hydrogenation over Rh/Al203 produced cyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine as the main products [1],... 

Odorization. Natural gas is odorized so that leaks can be detected, whereas gasoline is normally smelly. Odorization of natural gas is a prudent although not entirely effective safety measure. Hydrogen as an industrial gas or fuel cell vehicle fuel is not odorized because sulfur-containing substances (mercaptans) contaminate the catalysts of a fuel cell. 

Benfield [Benson and Field] A process for removing carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and other acid gases from industrial gas streams by scrubbing with hot aqueous potassium carbonate containing activators ... 

Cataban A process for removing small amounts of hydrogen sulfide from industrial gas streams by oxidation, in aqueous solution, to elemental sulfur. The oxidant is the ferric ion,... 

Fluor Solvent A process for removing carbon dioxide from natural gas and various industrial gas streams by dissolution in propylene carbonate. Carbon dioxide is much more soluble than other common gases in this solvent at low temperatures. The process cannot be used when hydrogen sulfide is present. The process was invented in 1958 by A. L. Kohl and F. E. Miller at the Fluor Corporation, Los Angeles. It is now licensed by Fluor Daniel. The first plant was built for the Terrell County Treating plant, El Paso, TX in 1960 by 1985, 13 plants were operating. 

Industrial gas streams, removal of hydrogen sulfide from, 23 597... 

Hydrogen has been used as industrial gas for decades. Hence, besides its potential use as a future automotive fuel, the conventional use of hydrogen as an important... 

Anthropogenic sources of fluoride include fossil fuel combustion and industrial waste. Hydrogen fluoride is water soluble and emissions are readily controlled by acid gas scrubbers. HF emission from coal combustion, that is considered to be the main anthropogenic source of HF, was estimated to be 0.18 Tg annually emission of HF from the combustion of petroleum and natural gas is almost certainly negligible [24]. Apparently only limited data are available concerning total annual emissions of HF from industrial operations however, there is evidence that emissions of fluorides have been declining [24,25]. 

Currently, large volumes of off-gas hydrogen are either flared, burned as fuel, or routed to secondary operations within the chemical and petroleum refining industries. Such off-gas streams represent a potentially significant source of hydrogen that, if economically recoverable, could partially satisfy the near term (1988-1990) hydrogen supply problems in the U,.S. 

Industrial gas-liquid hydrogenation reactions are carried out in slurry and trickle-bed reactors (Ref. 3). Modeling of the latter has been advanced significantly in the last two decades (Refs. 4-6). Predictions of trickle-bed reactors performance were in good agreement with experimental data (Ref.7). 

Hydrogen is certainly a clean and abundant energy but in the same time its large-scale use still suffers from a psychological handicap linked to safety aspects given some of its properties,16 17 18 particularly its inflammability and the high risk of detonation (subsonic or supersonic). This is clearly indicated in Table 5 where some of the properties are compared with another industrial gas, the propane. 

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