Industrial enzymes biofuel from biomass

Bioethanol produced from biomass resources by fermentation is the most promising biofuel and the starting material of various chemicals. Starch is a cheap, clean, nontoxic, renewable Ccirbon source for bioethanol production [1]. In the process currently employed for industrial-scale ethanol production from starchy materials, starch is first hydrolyzed by adding a liquefying enzyme, a-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), to avoid gelatinization and then... 

From an industrial perspective, the use of carbohydrate-active enzymes as cost effective, selective catalysts of biomass hydrolysis has been growing steadily over the last century (5). In particular, carbohydrases play key roles in the starch processing, animal feed, textile, and pulp and paper industries (5-7) (Table 1). The observation that enzymatic starch processing alone accounted for nearly 10% of the U.S. 1.4 billion enzyme market (1998 values) further underscores the importance of these catalysts (6). The use of (hemi)cellulose-degrading enzymes to saccharify biomass as a precursor to biofuels production and other bioreflnery purposes are of particular contemporary interest in the quest to reduce fossil fuel dependence (5,8,9). 

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