Starch enzymatic

Conversion. Conversion describes the enzymatic starch hydrolysis processes, Hquification, and saccharification. 

A collaborative effort to confirm the rapidity, accuracy, and precision of enzymatic starch determination. 

Starch granule as well as with recrystallized states caused by retrogradation. In order to properly describe enzymatic starch liquefaction, these crystalline states must be accounted for. 

In order to describe the kinetics of enzymatic starch depolymerization, information on reaction rate, reaction extent, and product distribution profiles are required. Traditional end-group analysis can be used to a limited extent in the first two areas, but will not provide information about the last important subject. Hence, SEC profiles can provide sufficient insight into the mechanism of starch degradation. 

Flydrolysis can in principle be carried out with dilute or concentrate acids, or with the aid of enzymes, whereby most recent research interest has focused on enzymatic starch liquidation. Owing to the milder reaction conditions of pH 4.8 and a temperature range of 45-50 °C, enzymatic hydrolysis is more cost-efficient than the use of acid and, further, less materials are formed which could have a potentially negative effect on the fermentation microorganisms [27]. 

From an industrial perspective, the use of carbohydrate-active enzymes as cost effective, selective catalysts of biomass hydrolysis has been growing steadily over the last century (5). In particular, carbohydrases play key roles in the starch processing, animal feed, textile, and pulp and paper industries (5-7) (Table 1). The observation that enzymatic starch processing alone accounted for nearly 10% of the U.S. 1.4 billion enzyme market (1998 values) further underscores the importance of these catalysts (6). The use of (hemi)cellulose-degrading enzymes to saccharify biomass as a precursor to biofuels production and other bioreflnery purposes are of particular contemporary interest in the quest to reduce fossil fuel dependence (5,8,9). 

Camire, M.E Camire, A.L. Enzymatic starch hydrolysis of extruded potato peels. Starch/Stdrke 1994, 46, 308-311. 

Table 1. Chemical composition and enzymatic starch degradation at 8 and 24 h of incubation of... 

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