Indulin ATR

In this paper, we report on the bacterial growth of S. badius and S. viridosporus with Indulin ATR, a commercial kraft lignin practically free of sugars, as sole carbon source and on the characterization of the APPL derived from this degradation. 

Indulin ATR is a purified form (acidified water wash) of Indulin AT from Westvaco Corp., Charleston Heights, South Carolina. 

These strains are grown in Indulin ATR suspensions (0.5% w/v). NH4CI, yeast extract and glucose are used together or independently as nutrients. 

The study of the DNA content, an indication of bacterial growth, shows that S. badius reaches its stationary phase after 5 days, 7 days prior to S. viridosporus (Fig. 3). In both cases, APPL production starts immediately (t = 0) and increases linearly during incubation, S. badius producing more than S. viridosporus. After 35 days, the APPL yield represents 7% and 5% of the initial Indulin ATR weight for S. badius and S. viridosporus, respectively. 

Separation of Bacterial Extracellular, Membranous and Cytosolic Proteins and their Effect on Indulin ATR. We first assume a lignin solubilization catalyzed by enzymes. In order to localize the enzymes responsible for the Indulin ATR degradation, the cells of each strain were fractionated extra... 

Figure 1. Influence of glucose on the production of APPL by cultures of S. badius (panel A) and S. viridosporus (panel B). The bacteria were grown in minimal culture media, adjusted at pH 7.8, with Indulin ATR (0.5%) as primary carbon source, glucose (0.2%) as secondary carbon source and...

Both APPL s produce similar patterns when analyzed by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which are quite different from the spectrum of Indulin ATR (Figure 4). Table V sums up the major differences between these spectra. Figure 5 provides further proof that there is no contamination by yeast extract the pattern of APPL produced by S. badius using glucose as carbon source is identical to that of APPL obtained using yeast extract (same data for S. viridosporus not shown). 

Wave Number (cm-1 Assignment Differences between APPL Spectra Compared to Indulin ATR Spectrum... 

Figure 4. FTIR spectra of Indulin ATR and of the APPL s produced by S. badius and S. viridosporus. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 12, 1989 CNRC.)...

Dissociation of the Protein-Poly phenolic Complex and Characterization of the Polyphenolic Fraction. Since Indulin ATR is almost completely soluble in THF while the APPL s are quite insoluble in this solvent, but are soluble in DMF, a sequence of different percentage mixtures of these two solvents was used in order to dissociate the protein-lignin complexes for further analyses of the lignin part. 

---