Indonesia pharmaceutical industry

The Indonesian pharmaceutical industry imports 95% of the pharmaceutical raw materials needed. Importation of finished products is not allowed, except for medical products not manufactured locally, for example insulin. There are 280 pharmaceutical manufacturers in Indonesia ... 

Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is the most important flavor ingredient available on the market. Natural vanillin is extracted from the beans, or pods, of the orchid Vanilla planifolia, V. tahitiensis, and V fragrans, mainly cultivated in Madagascar, Mexico, Tahiti, and Indonesia. Natural vanilla flavor supplies cover 1% of the demand the remainder is synthesized cheaply by chemical routes. Vanillin is employed not only in the F F industry, but it is also a key intermediate in the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals (e.g., drugs, herbicides, antimicrobial agents, antifoaming agents) [31]. 

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