Indium complexes phthalocyanines

Indium phthalocyanine (PcInCl) can be prepared by treating indium(III) chloride with phthalonitrile in a high-boiling solvent like quinoline139 or 1-chloronaphthalene.143 Dimeric indium(III) phthalocyanine complexes of the type Pc2In,144 Pc3In2145 as well as a bicyclic phthalocyanine (Pc3/2ln)146 are also known. 

Indium(III) phthalocyanine complexes show a rich structural diversity. Compounds like PcInI are monomeric, with a five-coordinate, square-pyramidal geometry at indium. The indium atom is located out of the N4 plane, and the phthalocyaninato ring forms a dome shape.In general. 

The iodine-doped, paramagnetic compound [Pc2ln](13)2/3 can be synthesized directly from In T1 alloy and 1,2-dicyanobenzene under a stream of iodine. " The solid-state structure features onedimensional stacks of [Pc2ln] columns and I3 chains. A triple-decker indium(III) phthalocyanine complex [Pc3ln2], which is diamagnetic, has been obtained by reacting In-Sn alloy with 1,2-dicyanobenzene at 210 Indium atoms are six-coordinate, and are located between the... 

Synthesis of indium phthalocyanine complexes usually involves the assembly of a ring system in the presence of an indium source. For example, (t-Bu)4PcInCl(chloro(tetra-(tert-butyl)phthalo-cyaninato)indium(III)) or (w-CsHi i)8PcInCl(chloro(octa-( -pentyl)phthalocyaninato)indium(III))... 

A series of earlier papers on complexes of indium(III) with porphyrins, and phthalocyanines " has been summarized earher. The structures InLX (L = substituted porphyrin X = Cl, OAc, OPh) imply a square pyramidal stereochemistry with the indium atom situated above the ligand N4 system, and this has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography for X = CP and X = Me, but for X = Me0S02, the indium atom is in the plane of the four nitrogen atoms.A number of Schiff base derivatives have recently been described. ... 

The absolute levels of the frontier x -MOs in fluorinated Zn" and Cu" phthalocyanines were experimentally determined using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPES) of the thin films deposited on different surfaces [8, 18, 37, 64]. As can bee seen from Fig. 4 the experimental HOMO and LUMO levels and their trends upon fluorination are in a good agreement with theoretical results. The LUMO level for perfluorinated phthalocyanine complexes is comparable with the energy level of Au (-5.1 V) and lower than for indium-titan oxide (ITO) (-4.8 eV)... 

Stuzhin PA, Goryachev MYu, Ivanova SS, Nazarova A, Pimkov I, Koifmem OI (2013) Perfluorinated porphyrazines 1 Synthesis and UV-vis spectred study of perfluorinated octaphenylporphyrazine and its indium(III) complex, [MPA(F5Ph)8](M = 2H, In" (OH)) J Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 17 905-912... 

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