Indigenous grasses

The indigenous grasses of the Americas are numerous and diverse. This tremendous variety was largely supplanted by aggressive European fodder grasses during the colonial era, a transition that was only later followed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by the estabhshment of lawn grasses, nearly all of which are also from outside the Americas. 

Indigenous perennial grasses in the American West, on the other hand, were heavily influenced by the unique conditions of bison grazing. Heavy grazing and trampling by these massive herds not only maintained floral diversity on the... 

Of course, as noted previously, grasses have evolved to deal with harsh and uneven conditions. Living in some of the most extreme temperature and precipitation zones in the world, Poaceae are prepared to live periodically without water or nutrients. Indeed, each species of grass is uniquely adapted to the periodic scarcities of water, sunlight, and nutrients typical of the area to which they are indigenous. 

Miles CO, di Menna ME, Jacobs SWL, Garthwaite I, Lane GA, Prestidge RA, Marshall SL, Wilkinson HH, Schardl CL, Ball OJ-P, Latch GCM. Endophytic fungi in indigenous Australian grasses associated with toxicity to livestock. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 601-606, 1995a. 

Neotyphodium conidia may also be produced in culture and are the only spore type of the related asexual Neotyphodium ssp., which have lost the capacity to develop Epichloe stromata. Species of both endophyte groups are restricted to hosts of cool-season grasses (Pooideae), predominantly to those indigenous to the Northern hemisphere [but see also Miles et al. (1998) and Cabral et al. (1999)]. 

Moon CD, Miles CO, Jarlfors U, Schardl CL. The evolutionary origins of three new Neotyphodium endophyte species from grasses indigenous to the Southern Hemisphere. Mycologia, 94 694-711, 2002. 

Cynodon daclylon L. Pers. Graminae (Poaceae) lnd, Pak, Indigenous to tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres plant leaves grass epilepsy hysteria +PTZ +EST -PTZ +MES juice aqueous alcoholic ext. aqueous ethanolic ext. 34, 50, 51, 52, 64 49 92... 

Perllla alcohol [4-(l-methylethenyl)-l-cyclohexene-1-methanol]. Formula, see perillaldehyde. CiqHi O, Mr 152.24, oil. A monocyclic monoterpene alcohol occurring in both enantiomeric forms (/ )(+)- and (5)(-)-P bp. 119-121 °C (1.1 kPa), [a]o 68°. (-H)-P. occurs in delft grass oil Cymbopogon polyneu-ros, Poaceae) a grass indigenous to the Nilgiri mountains (Southern India) and the mountains of Sri Lanka (- )-P. occurs in false lavender oil Lavandula hybrida, Lamiaceae). For synthesis, see Lit.. P. induces apoptosis. It is in clinical development against breast and prostate cancer. 

Esparto wax is- par-( )to-. Hard vegetable wax obtained from esparto grass, indigenous to North Africa and parts of Spain. It is used to some extent as a substitute for carnauba, candellia and similar hard waxes. Properties mp, approximately 7rC acid value, 30, saponification value, 75. 

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