Indicator function surface

Fig. 16. The results of Dyckerhoff and Sell for inlerfacial strengths measured hy butt-tensile tests for various lacquers (adhesives) against various plastics as a function of the surface energy, ys of the plastics. Arrows indicate the surface tensions of the adhesive, y, used in the generation of each curve, showing rough agreement with the requirement that a maximum in adhesion is achieved when yt ys (I kp/cm- 0.1 MPa). Redrawn from ref. [71. ...

In the third sample (a-WC/a-W2C), when the number of spectra selected for the factor analysis of W was lowered, a new factor appeared. This new factor, was assigned to a-WC. This compound is present only close to the surface of the sample, and is probably represented by only one vector of the matrix used for factor analysis. As the other component (a-W2C, is present in all the other spectra, its weight in the matrix is considerably greater than that of a-WC. Moreoever the shapes of the two spectra are quite similar. It seems that the limit of detection of the Indicator Function is reached, since if the weight of a-WC is increased, the method will detect it as a component. This limitation of the Indicator Function was already theoretically shown by Palacio17 and is confirmed here now experimentally. 

Figure 33.2 shows XPS spectra of the surfaces of the TMS plasma polymer film deposited on (Ar + H2) plasma-pretreated steel (a, b, c) and on O2 plasma-pretreated steel (d, e, f). As shown in the spectra, the surface of the plasma film is functional in nature with functional groups of C-OH, C=0, and Si-OH. Two films basically ended up with the same surface structure. This is also confirmed by XPS analysis of the film during the film aging in air after the film deposition, which indicated that the film surfaces were saturated with a fixed surface structure after a few hours of air exposure [4]. This is due to a well-known phenomenon that the residual free radicals of the plasma polymer surface reacted with oxygen after exposure to air [5]. Curve deconvolution of C Is peaks showed structures of C-Si, C-C, C-0, and C=0. The analysis clearly shows a silicon carbide type of structure, which is consistent with the IR results. The functional surfaces of TMS films provide bonding sites for the subsequent electrodeposition of primer (E-coat). 

Reuter, Frenkel, and Scheffler have recently used DFT-based calculations to predict the CO turnover frequency on RuO2(110) as a function of 02 pressure, CO pressure, and temperature.31 This was an ambitious undertaking, and as we will see below, remarkably successful. Much of this work was motivated by the earlier success of ab initio thermodynamics, a topic that is reviewed more fully below in section 3.1. The goal of Reuter et al. s work was to derive a lattice model for adsorption, dissociation, surface diffusion, surface reaction, and desorption on defect-free Ru02(l 10) in which the rates of each elementary step were calculated from DFT via transition state theory (TST). As mentioned above, experimental evidence strongly indicates that surface defects do not play a dominant role in this system, so neglecting them entirely is a reasonable approach. The DFT calculations were performed using a GGA full-potential... 

Fig. 4.2 Schematic of alkanethiol monolayer-modified gold-coated AFM tip used for CFM and interactions between exposed functional groups on the contacting surfaces (right chemically modified AFM tip and functionalized surface. Different functionalities, and interactions are indicated by different gray scales and arrows, respectively). For details on the self-assembled monolayer-based tip functionalization, see text (adapted/reproduced with permission from [11])...

Figure 2.12. Contraction of interlayer spacing as a function surface roughness (defined as 1 /packing density) for several fee and bcc metal surfaces. The points indicate experimental data, and the lines are theoretical fits [165].

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