INDEX surgical

In rodents the most commonly studied female sexual behavior is the lordosis posture, in which the female remains immobile and concavely arches her back. Lordosis, usually in response to mounting, has been used as an index of female sexual receptivity. In addition, a variety of other measures such as elective proximity to a male have been used to index sexual proceptivity. Studies of these and related behaviors have shown that in rats ovarian secretions are essential for the expression of lordosis and can increase the expression of a variety of sociosexual behaviors (Pfaff, et al., 1994). Surgical removal of the ovary (ovariectomy) eliminates female sexual behavior in most rodents, and treatments with estrogen and progesterone can produce levels of sexual receptivity that closely resemble those seen in a gonadally-intact estrous female. 

Two studies evaluated the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on clinical endpoints in the leg. The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias was a randomized trial of partial ileal-bypass surgery for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in 838 patients (9). After five years, the relative risk (RR) of an abnormal ankle-brachial index value (ABI) was 0.6 (95% Cl, 0.4 to 0.9, absolute risk reduction, 15% points, p < 0.01), and the RR of claudication or limb-threatening ischemia was 0.7 (95% Cl, 0.2 to 0.9, absolute risk reduction, 7% points, p < 0.01), as compared with the control group. 

Krantz et al. (1941,1953) described an anesthetic index between surgical anesthesia (cornea and wink reflexes abolished) and respiratory failure in dogs. 

Wechsler and Koskoff (150) used nine surgical patients to study the effects of doses of atropine between 1.3 and 5.85 mg—administered by Intravenous, intramuscular, or Intraclsternal lnjectlon -on cerebral blood flow and metabolism and on neural and cardiac Indexes of normal function. One patient received atropine Intraclstemally on two occasions,... 

Examples of chemoprophylaxis in the non-surgical arena include the prevention of endocarditis with amoxicillin in patients with valvular heart disease undergoing dental surgery, and the prevention of secondary cases of meningococcal meningitis with rifampicin among household contacts of an index case. 

While Na deficiency will increase the juxtaglomerular index (JGl) of tlie kidney and will result in increased Aldo secretion, division of the common bile duct also increases the JGI but does not necessarily result in ascites or an elevated Aldo secretion32. Surgical relief of an otherwise intractable hyperaldosteronism resulting from severe hepatic outflow obstruction is achieved by a side-to-side portacaval shunt33. 

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