INDEX radiation, source

The index (a, [>) relates to the distinct energy of each photon, respectively that is, oc = when both photons have the same excitation frequency T = damping factor. The parameter cof denotes the excitation energies of the final excited states /), the summation includes the ground state 0), and /) corresponds to the virtual state. Definition of the TP matrix element yields the theoretical TPA cross section <5tp if a linearly polarized radiation source is applied [16, 23], Eq. (20) ... 

The optical constant depends on the radiation source employed. To calculate this constant for LS measurements the refractive index increment (dn/dc) j has to be determined, for the analysis of the SAXS and SANS measurements the partial specific volume of the polymer in solution must be known. With the exception of [41] the few results published on SGPLCs in solution concerning these molecular constants are in relatively good agreement, as shown in Table 5.4. 

Current density Magnetic exciting field Radiance (of a radiation source) Luminance (of a light source) Refractive index... 

One of the variants for creating a given axial/radial gradient of the refractive index involves simultaneous treatment of the polymeric sample surface by <-radiation, while a mask from a material absorbing radiation, for example, lead, is placed between the y-radiation source and the sample. Therewith, the axial/radial distribution of the mask thickness is selected so that the real distribution of radiation by length/radius of the sample corresponds to the experimentally found doses required to achieve the given axial/radial change of the refractive index. 

Figure 52. GRIN-element production with given axial (a) and radial (b) distribution of refractive index (principal features) a - front view b - diametrical section 1 - radiation source 2 - lead mask 3 - PP-film...

Source sampling of particulates requites isokinetic removal of a composite sample from the stack or vent effluent to determine representative emission rates. Samples are coUected either extractively or using an in-stack filter EPA Method 5 is representative of extractive sampling, EPA Method 17 of in-stack filtration. Other means of source sampling have been used, but they have been largely supplanted by EPA methods. Continuous in-stack monitors of opacity utilize attenuation of radiation across the effluent. Opacity measurements are affected by the particle size, shape, size distribution, refractive index, and the wavelength of the radiation (25,26). 

Table III shows that the experimental and predicted evaporation rates are in good agreement at all beam intensities. There is some inconsistency at the highest power levels. It was difficult to maintain the droplet in the center of the laser beam at the highest power level, and the measured evaporation rate is somewhat low as a result of that problem. Additional computations demonstrate that the predicted evaporation rate is quite sensitive to the choice of the imaginary component of N, so the results suggest that this evaporation method is suitable for the determination of the complex refractive index of weakly absorbing liquids. For strong absorbers, the linearizations of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and of the radiation energy loss term in the interfacial boundary condition may not be valid. In this event, a numerical solution of the governing equations is required. The structure of the source function, however, makes this a rather tedious task.

It is useful to regard (4.19) as a wave equation in which the term S = —p,od2PNL/dt2 acts as a source radiating in a linear medium of refractive index n. Because Pnl (and therefore S) is a nonlinear function of E, Equation (4.19) is a nonlinear partial differential equation in E. This is the basic equation that underlies the theory of nonlinear optics. 

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