INDEX ensure reliability

Fig. 11.1). The test foot is applied against the test surface, the actuating (pneumatic) cylinder causes swinging (slippage) motion of the test foot, and the instrument displays the slip index on its protractor scale. It ensures consistent operation by the application of uniform force for each test, and permits reliable metering of inclined surfaces such as ramps. The application of vertical and horizontal forces is simultaneous, thus avoiding residence -time and permitting reliable measurement of wet surfaces.

Most bond indices are proprietary indices that use in-house pricing, and are, for that reason, highly susceptible to be distorted by the pres-ence/absence of long/short positions on the trading book. Often bonds, for which the trader has no position, are not marked actively and reflect an indicative price and thus produce erroneous results for return and other calculations. To avoid these pitfalls, it is therefore important to ensure that index pricing is from an accurate and reliable source. 

For the general case, this is not true. There is, however, an asymptotic property which ensures similar behavior for many nonlinear cases. As stated by Breitung (1984) and GoUwitzer and Rackwitz (1988), the reliability index asymptotically depends linearly on/or in scaled notation... 

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