Independence concept

As usually viewed by the reference material producers, a fundamental philosophy of certification rests on the concept of independent methodology, which is the application of theoretically and experimentally different measurement techniques and procedures to generate concordant results leading to one reliable assigned value for the property. Such assigned values are thus method-independent. Extractable concentrations are generated by specific procedures and are thus method-dependent, an idea that has to be rationalized with the fundamental method-independent concept in reference material certification work. 

This definition of local hardness satisfies Eqs. (16) and (17). On the other hand, it is clear from Eq. (19) that in the approach followed in the previous section, the global hardness is determined by the inverse of s, and does not arise as an independent concept, in contrast to the global softness. 

The chemical potential // and drive (afhnity) X are not considered independent concepts in the conventional thermodynamic formalism. Therefore, one does not directly define the temperature and pressure coefficients a and f), as well as oc and Ji, rather, they are always expressed in terms of different quantities ... 

It is convention to use the term sol-gel rather than sol/gel, although the latter might be more correct sol and gel are two independent concepts. ... 

Let us examine promolecules of Types I, IH, and V to show a systematic rationaU-zatimi provided by the stereoisogram approach (Table 10.2), where the concept of cMrality-faitlrfulness (Fujita 2009d) assures a systematic but subsidiary linkage between chirality and /tS-stereogenicity, which are independent concepts to each other. 

---