Inclusion programmes/initiatives

The difficulty in assessing the effectiveness of patient safety interventions is the same as that for all programme evaluations it is difficult to find rigorous studies that measure programme effectiveness quantitatively. There have been a number of recent reviews of patient safety initiatives and their effectiveness. Morello et al. (2012) reviewed over 2,000 articles and found only 21 studies meeting their inclusion criteria for study rigour. They concluded that there is some evidence to support the theory that leadership walk rounds and multi-faceted unit-based programmes may have a positive impact on patient safety chmate. 

Other writers suggest that qualitative research methods such as careful observation have a contribution to make to the assessment of the situationally inappropriate initiations or responses known to contribute to low peer acceptance (Frederickson and Woolfson, 1987 47), which could be followed by helpful intervention programmes and changes in the classroom environment. This is borne out by some of the observations undertaken as part of the Inclusion Project research (reported in detail in Part II), an example of which is worth noting here since it bears on several of the points already made. The observations relate to Daniel, a boy in Y1 who has joined the class as part of the Inclusion Project. He is playing in the sand tray, when a little girl joins him they play in parallel for a minute or so, then ... 

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