In-plane direction

Oriented In-Plane Texture. In this kind of film the properties (H and in the various in-plane directions (texture and nontexture directions) are different. The texture of the film can be supported by the texture of the substrate and the crystal lattice can be smaller in the texture direction than in the transverse direction. This can be the source for strain-induced magnetic anisotropy (magnetostriction). It is also found that the crystal is aligned in the texture direction (92). 

Because the fibers generally are anisotropic, they tend to be deposited on the wire in layers under shear. There is Htde tendency for fibers to be oriented in an out-of-plane direction, except for small undulations where one fiber crosses or passes beneath another. The layered stmcture results in the different properties measured in the thickness direction as compared to those measured in the in-plane direction. The orthotropic behavior of paper is observed in most paper properties and especially in the electrical and mechanical properties. 

In the case of Cu(l 11) face, the Au adatom presents almost similar phonon modes for both the in-plane directions (solid and dashed line in Figure 3) at 0.7THz, which can be compared with that of Cu adatom on the same surface (1. ITHz). There is now again a shift to lower frequencies, due to the different mass of the two elements. The DOS at the perpendicular to the surface direction ( thick dashed line in Figure 3) shows a main peak at 1.7 THz, which appears in energetically lower position, compared with that of Cu adatom (3.2 THz) ... 

Feser et al. [214] used a radial flow apparatus to determine the viscous in-plane permeability of differenf DLs af various levels of compression (see Figure 4.26). A stack of round-shaped samples, wifh each layer of material separated with a brass shim, was placed inside two plates. Thicker shim stock was also used in order to control the total thickness of the stack of samples. Compressed air entered fhe apparafus fhrough the upper plate and was forced through the samples in the in-plane direction. After this, the air left the system and flowed through a pressure gage and a rotameter in order to measure the pressure drop and the air flow rate. The whole apparatus was compressed using a hydraulic press for each compression pressure, 10 different flow rates were used. 

Two orientations have been chosen (Fig. 17) for polarized excitation spectroscopy. The first is used to distinguish between in-plane and out-of-plane effects, while the second one allows a comparison of the two in-plane directions. 

Accurate modeling of the temperature distribution in a PEFC requires accurate information in four areas heat source, thermal properties of various components, thermal boundary conditions, and experimental temperature-distribution data for model validation. The primary mechanism of heat removal from the catalyst layers is through lateral heat conduction along the in-plane direction to the current collecting land (like a heat sink). Heat removed by gas convection inside the gas channel accounts for less than 5% under typical PEFC operating conditions. 

Where N is the effective number of bonds along the normal and in plane directions, as tabulated in Table 3. From this expression, the variation of the Debye-Waller factor between 300 K and 77 K is derived by the ratio method ... 

The model applies to both Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates. The x-coordinate denotes in-plane direction and the y-coordinate refers to thru-plane direction. 

Numerical calculations for the residual stresses in the anode-supported cells are carried out using ABAQUS. After modeling the geometry of the cell of the electro-lyte/anode bi-layer, the residual thermal stresses at room temperature are calculated. The cell model is divided into 10 by 10 meshes in the in-plane direction and 20 submeshes in the out-plane direction. In the calculation, it is assumed that both the electrolyte and anode are constrained each other below 1400°C and that the origin of the residual stresses in the cell is only due to the mismatch of TEC between the electrolyte and anode. The model geometry is 50 mm x 50 mm x 2 mm. The mechanical properties and cell size used for the stress calculation are listed in Table 10.5. 

The angle (p quantifies the in-plane direction, with cp = 0° corresponding to the direction along the stripe-like electrodes. For an alignment of the lamellae along the field direction (maximum azimuthal intensity distribution of the 2D Fourier transform intensity at (p = 90°), P) ranges from 0 to -0.5 with P2 = -0.5 corresponding to the fully oriented case. 

Figure 1. Temperature dependence of the resistivity of (a) a polycrystalline sample of the underdoped cuprate Lai.gSro.iCuC>4, taken from [1], and (b) a film of the same composition and thickness 150 nm, taken from [2]. In (b), the measurements correspond to the in-plane direction (parallel to the CuC>2 layers). The temperatures T, Tc and l c correspond, respectively, to the pseudogap opening temperature, to the temperature where the SCF effects become indistinguishable, and to the (inflexion-point) observed normal-superconducting transition temperature.

Conducting LB films of ditetradecyldimethylammonium-Au(dmit)2, [(Ci4H29)2N(CH3)2][Au(dmit)2], have been fabricated without the use of matrix molecules (270). The in-plane direct current (dc) RT conductivity is as high as 40 S cirT1 after electrochemical oxidation. A metal-like behavior was observed in the temperature range of 250-300 K. At lower temperatures, the material becomes a semiconductor. 

Fe motion along the two in-plane directions constitutes two thirds of the VDOS, and vibrations of the in-plane bonds to the pyrrole nitrogens appear to dominate the VDOS reported for heme proteins and iron porphyrins. NRVS data on deoxyMb allowed the first identification of the Fe Npyr vibrations for a heme protein. The appearance of two resolved features at 251 and 267 cm for deoxyMb (Figure 7) indicates that deviations from fourfold symmetry are sufficient to remove the nominal equivalence between the two in-plane directions. Comparison of experimental and computational results on iron porphyrins indicates additional structure that is not resolved experimentally. The in-plane vibrations... 

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