In organophosphate poisoning

De Bleecker JL. 1992. Transient opsoclonus in organophosphate poisoning. Acta Neurol Scand 86 529-531. 

Diazinon is rapidly metabolized, with an estimated mammalian biological half-life of 12-15 hours (Iverson et al. 1975 Mucke et al. 1970). Consequently, efforts at reducing body burdens of poisoned persons may not be critical to the outcome. Dialysis and hemoperfusion are not indicated in organophosphate poisonings because of the extensive tissue distribution of the absorbed doses (Mucke et al. 1970 Poklis et al. 1980). 

Wedin GP, Pennente CM, Sachdev SS. 1984. Renal involvement in organophosphate poisoning [letter], JAMA 252(11) 1408. 

Figure 9.18. Reactivation of DFP-reacted cholinesterase with hydroxylamine, and stractures of the two related dmgs pralidoxime and obidoxime, which are clinically used in organophosphate poisoning.

One piece of evidence supporting the efficacy of PAM in sarin toxicity has been the clinical benefit associated with PAM in toxicity due to organophosphorous agrochemicals. However, some experts now doubt whether such a benefit really exists. For example, Peter et al (2006), using meta-analytic techniques, reevaluated the effects of oxime therapy in organophosphate poisoning. Not only did they find no beneficial effects, they also reported possible... 

De Bleecker, J. (1992). The intermediate syndrome in organophosphate poisoning presentation of a case and review of the literature. Clin. Toxicol. 30 321-9. 

Kiss, Z., Fazekas, T. (1979). Arrh dhmias in organophosphate poisonings. Acta Cardiol. 34 323-30. 

Clement, J.G. (1984). Role of aliesterase in organophosphate poisoning. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 4 S96-105. 

Khan, S., Hemalatha, R., Jeyaseelan, L., Oomen, A., Zachariah, A. (2001). Neuroparalysis and oxime efficacy in organophosphate poisoning a study of butyrylcholinesterase. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 20 169-74. 

Clement JG (1989) Role of aliesterases in organophosphate poisoning. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 4 S94-S105. 

Josse, D., Broomfield, C.A., Cerasoli, D., Kirby, S., Nicholson, J., Bahnson, B., and Lenz, D.E. 2002 Engineering of HuPONI for a Use as a Catalytic Bioscavenger in Organophosphate Poisoning, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. 

Johnson DD and Wilcox WC (1975). Studies on the mechanism of the protective and antidotal actions of diazepam in organophosphate poisoning. Eur... 

Joubert J, Jouhert PH Chorea and psychiatric changes in organophosphate poisoning. S Aff Med J 74 32-34,1988... 

Discuss the mechanism of action of pralidoxime in organophosphate poisoning. 

Thermann. H., Worek, E, Szinicz, L., Eyer, P., and Zilker, T. (2003). Effectiveness of obidoxitne in organophosphate poisoning. Clin. Toxicol. 41,67. 

Bevandic, Z., A. Deljac, M. Maksimovic, B. Boksovic, and Z. Binenfeld. 1985. Methyl-thio analogs of PAM-2, TMB-4 and obidoxime as antidotes in organophosphate poisonings. Acta Pharm. Jugosl. 35(3) 213-18 cited in Chem. Abstr. CA 104(1) 46784c. 

Kiss Z, Fazekas T. Arrhythmias in organophosphate poisoning. Acta Cardiol. 1979 5 323-330. 

Benson B. Is the intermediate syndrome in organophosphate poisoning the result of insufficient oxime therapy Clin Toxicol. 1992 30 347-349. 

De Bleecker, J., 1992. Intermediate syndrome in organophosphate poisoning. In Gupta, R.C. (Ed ), Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds Academic Press/Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 371-380. 

Weissman, B. A., Raveh, L., 2010. The rapid activation of the gjutamatergic system in organophosphate poisoning. In Weissman, B.A., Raveh, L. (Eds.), The Neurochemical Consequences of Organophosphate Poisoning in the CNS, Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum, India, pp. 61—76. 

Aragao, I., Soares, M.E., Bastos, M.L., et al., 1996. Continuous infusion of obidoxime and the importance of plasma levels monitoring in organophosphate poisoning. Intens. Care Med. 22 (Suppl. 3), S388. 512. 

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