In nanospheres

A simple geometric model, based on the hypothesis that water plus surfactant are subdivided in nanospheres and that their total surface is fixed by the amount of surfactant, can predict the dependence of the micellar radius (r) on R and that of the micellar concentration on R and on the surfactant concentration. 

The most basic form of MIP nanomaterials is the spherical nanoparticle, obtained by a number of techniques such as microemulsion polymerization [99-101], and polymerization in diluted solutions resulting in nanospheres and microgels [102-106]. Microgels (also sometimes referred to as nanogels) are particularly interesting, since they represent soluble, though cross-linked, MIPs with a size in the low nanometer range, close to that of proteins. 

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of a nanosphere (A) and of a nanocapsule (B). In nanospheres, the whole particle consists of a continuous polymer network. Nanocapsules present a core-shell structure with a liquid core surrounded by a polymer shell.

Hu YP, Jarillon S, Dubernet C, Couvreur P, Robert J. On the mechanism of action of doxorubicin encapsulation in nanospheres for the reversal of multidrug resistance. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1996 37 556-560. 

Finally the solvent evaporation process, that is generally the last step of the synthesis process, must be considered as it can cause an increase in the final particle size if the evaporation is carried out in a rotating evaporator imder moderate vacuum, a very limited variation is observed for both PCL and PEGylated copolymer, both in nanosphere and nanocapsule form, as shown in Figure 9.14 (compare also Figure 9.21 in Section 9.3 for an example with non-quenched particles) [72, 106 (supp. info.), 107]. In the case of loaded particles, different behaviors can be obtained in the case of PEGylated... 

The results described here indicate that confining PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) copolymers in cylindrical nanopores formed in alumina templates induces severe changes in the ferroelectric behavior of the polymer. In the case of the PVDF homopolymer, confinement into alumina templates induces an enhancement of ferroelectric-like features that might indicate the formation of an interfacial ferroelectric phase. In the case of the P(VDF-TrFE) copolymers, confinement into alumina templates yields inhibition of the ferro-para transition. In order to check whether this inhibition is due to purely spatial confinement or to the interaction with the confining walls, we confined P(VDF-TrFE) in nanospheres, where no interaction with walls is present. The results are discussed in the following section. 

Plasmon absorption in nanospheres A comparison of sodinm, potassinm, alnminium, silver and gold, M. G. Blaber, M. D. Arnold, N. Harris, M. J. Eord, and M. B. Cortie, Phys. B, Condensed Matter, 2007, 394, 184. 

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