In knowledge-based

Erom a technology perspective, knowledge-based systems (KBS) represent a new software methodology for solving certain types of problems effectively. It is important to understand what is encoded in knowledge-based systems, and how KBS technology differs from conventional numeric computational techniques. 

Rules. Rules, first pioneered by early appHcations such as Mycin and Rl, are probably the most common form of representation used in knowledge-based systems. The basic idea of rule-based representation is simple. Pieces of knowledge are represented as IE—THEN rules. IE—THEN rules are essentially association pairs, specifying that IE certain preconditions are met, THEN certain fact(s) can be concluded. The preconditions are referred to as the left-hand side (LHS) of the rule, while the conclusions are referred to as the right-hand side (RHS). In simple rule-based systems, both the... 

The practical implications of this experiment are that when evaluating the effects of shift work due to circadian effects, the type of task being carried out by the worker must be taken into account. For example, skill-based tasks would be expected to exhibit the performance changes characteristic of low memory load tasks, whereas performance variations in knowledge-based tasks would be expected to follow the pattern of high memory load tasks. Performance on rule-based tasks may depend on the degree of frequency of use of the rules, which in turn may determine the memory load. If these results were confirmed by further process plant studies, it would have implications for when different types of operation (involving different levels of memory load) should be scheduled to reduce circadian rhythm effects and minimize errors. 

Payne, M.P and Walsh, P.T., Structure-activity relationships for skin sensitization potential development of structural alerts for use in knowledge-based toxicity prediction systems, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 34, 154-161, 1994. 

In contrast, the emerging theme in knowledge based modelling is an ever closer intertwining of modelling and experimentation. A powerful combination of three factors contribute to this theme (i) structure-property relationships that are based on better models and more relevant structural descriptors (ii) robotics techniques in experimentation, which lead to a real explosion in the amount of data available (iii) informatics tools, which can handle the large amounts of data generated by both experiment and simulation. 

In knowledge-based functions, the knowledge that is implicitly encoded in the protein-ligand complexes is tried to be captured. These scores are based on the concept of the inverse formulation of the Boltzmann law ... 

Chandrasekaran, B., Generic tasks in knowledge-based reasoning high-level building blocks for expert system design. IEEE Expert 1, 3 (1986). 

Figure 3 Human-Computer Interaction in Knowledge-Based Expert Systems...

Fang, H. Y. and Mikroudis, G. K. (1987), Multi-Domains and Multi-Experts in Knowledge-Based Expert Systems, Proc. 1st. International Symposium on Environmental Geotechnology, Envo Publishing Co., Bethlehem, PA, Vol. 2, pp. 355-361. 

Logic and Heuristics Applied to Synthetic Analysis for retrosynthetic analysis of organic compounds using reactions stored as transforms in knowledge base. APSO, a teaching version of LHASA that displays successful and unsuccessful... 

Abdulwahed, M., Balid, W., Hasna, M. O., Pokharel, S. (2013). Skills of engineers in knowledge based economies A comprehensive literature review, andrrmdel development. Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE), 2013 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 759-765). IEEE. 

Skill- and rale-based decisions are the basis of routine activities. As a result, there are more absolute numbers of errors in such decisions, but the percentage of errors is much lower than in knowledge-based decisions. The types of errors in activities based on skill- and rale-based decisions are more likely to be what are called slips and lapses . Slips come from attentional failure, lapses from memory failure - they are two types of unintended actions. The types of errors in knowledge-based decisions are more likely to be what are distinguished as mistakes - errors in planning a path to an outcome. Mistakes are a type of intended action, and may be rule-based or knowledge-based. They occur when the selection of an objective and the means to achieve it are faulty, whether or not the actions go as planned. 

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