In bilayer lipid membranes

In electrochemistry similar phenomena are observed, for example, with the formation of insoluble films on electrodes or with ion selective channel formation in bilayer lipid membranes or nerve cell membranes (pages 377 and 458). 

JJ Ramsden. Partition coefficients of drugs in bilayer lipid membranes. Ex-perientia 49 688-692, 1993. 

Mironov SL, Sokolov Y, Chanturiya AN et al (1986) Channels produced by spider venoms in bilayer lipid membrane mechanisms of ion transport and toxic action. Biochim Biophys Acta 862 185-98... 

It is well known that water dispersions of amphiphile molecules may undergo different phase transitions when the temperature or composition are varied [e.g. 430,431]. These phase transitions have been studied systematically for some of the systems [e.g. 432,433]. Occurrence of phase transitions in monolayers of amphiphile molecules at the air/water interface [434] and in bilayer lipid membranes [435] has also been reported. The chainmelting phase transition [430,431,434,436] found both for water dispersions and insoluble monolayers of amphiphile molecules is of special interest for biology and medicine. It was shown that foam bilayers (NBF) consist of two mutually adsorbed densely packed monolayers of amphiphile molecules which are in contact with a gas phase. Balmbra et. al. [437J and Sidorova et. al. [438] were among the first to notice the structural correspondence between foam bilayers and lamellar mesomorphic phases. In this respect it is of interest to establsih the thermal transition in amphiphile bilayers. Exerowa et. al. [384] have been the first to report such transitions in foam bilayers from phospholipids and studied them in various aspects [386,387,439-442]. This was made possible by combining the microscopic foam film with the hole-nucleation theory of stability of bilayer of Kashchiev-Exerowa [300,402,403]. Thus, the most suitable dependence for phase transitions in bilayers were established. 

Electronic Processes and Redox Reactions in Bilayer Lipid Membranes... 

Figure 12. Scheme of phototransformations of porphyrin in bilayer lipid membrane in contact with redox components in aqueous solution. 

Fig. 9 Chemical structure of supramolecular ion channels with ion selectivity, 3,4 and with voltage-dependent properties 5. Schematic illustration of supramolecular ion channels 5 with different mouth diameters in bilayer lipid membranes.

A.T. Todorov, A.G. Petrov and J.H. Fendler, First observation of the converse flexoelectric effect in bilayer lipid membranes, J. Phys. Chem. 98(12), 3076-3099, (1994). doi 10.1021/jl00063a004... 

A.G. Petrov and A. Derzhanski, Membranes and lyotropic phases on some problems in the theory of elastic and flexoelectric effects in bilayer lipid membranes and biomembranes, J. Phys. Colloques 37(C3), C3-155-C3-160, (1976). doi 10.1051/jphyscol 1976330... 

Ozeki, H. and Y. Kobuke (2003). Incorporation of a photosynthetic supramolecular complex by using imidazolyl Zn porphyrin dimers in bilayer lipid membrane. Tetrahedron Lett. 44(11), 2287-2291. 

To facilitate and maintain Upid organization, specialized Teflon SECM cells and unusual UME arrangements have to be used. In bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) systems, for example. Teflon cells adapted to the SECM instrument usually have to be made to uniformly distribute the pressure above and below the BLM (Figure 12.33). Also, to visualize the formation of the BLM, the use of an angled microscope combined to a television facilitates the approach of the UME to the BLM (159). 

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