Imprinting force

As explained above, in UV-NIL, resist displacement is promoted both by the applied imprinting force and by the capillary forces. The balance between the two phenomena is not clear and depends strongly on process conditions (mold treatment, wafer treatment, resist viscosity and surface energy and resist coating type) in UV-NIL the effect of capillarity is invariably increased. Nevertheless, the squeeze flow of a supposedly perfectly viscous resist can be described quite simply to a first approximation by Stefan s law [26]. For a line, the imprinting time can be written as [27] ... 

Flatness issues. At low imprinting force, the imprint quality depends on the flatness of mold and substrate. In the step-and-repeat process, the common 6.3 mm thick quartz mold can be prepared with sufficient flatness. As substrates, double-side polished wafers are preferable to single-side polished ones due to their better flatness and reduced total thickness variation. The wafer chuck flatness also has to be controlled. 

It was likely that Moorish Saracens had buried the treasure hoard that the two men were after. The richest, most tolerant, and most sophisticated of Palermo s many invaders, these Moors had stayed in Sicily for two centuries and stamped their imprint on landscape and people. Doubtless one of their princes had buried the treasure just before escaping back to Africa perhaps Ayub Temim had stashed it just as the Norman forces of Roger Guis-card breached the nine-gated fortress of Al-Qasr and poured into Palermo on 5 January 1072. 

Terrall cites Leibniz There is no doubt that all things are regulated by a supreme Being who, even as he imprinted on matter the forces that denote his power, destined it to execute effects that mark his wisdom (179). 

Fig. 10 (a) Molecular imprinting of cytochrome c immobilized on mica, and AFM images of the surfaces, (b) Molecular force spectroscopy with a cytochrome c-derivatized AFM cantilever of the cytochrome c-imprinted polymer (MIP) and the non-imprinted control polymer (NIP). Adapted from [104] with permission from Elsevier... 

In alchemical works, the pattern of life/death/rebirth is often repeated upon the subject in various forms. For example, during distillation, our liquid passes into an invisible state then condenses and manifests in an improved form. The alchemists viewed this as analogous to death, a visit to the spiritual world then rebirth in the physical. Similarly during recrystallization, our matter is dissolved into a medium and becomes clear, then made to reappear as an improved form. In astrology, the birth chart shows the imprint of the cosmos on the individual at birth. So too during those periods of rebirth of our matter there is the imprint of the heavens. By repeatedly reinforcing a particular planetary power during these multiple rebirths, our subject becomes polarized to that force. 

---