Imprinting, direct

The current trend in analytical chemistry applied to evaluate food quality and safety leans toward user-friendly miniaturized instruments and laboratory-on-a-chip applications. The techniques applied to direct screening of colorants in a food matrix include chemical microscopy, a spatial representation of chemical information from complex aggregates inside tissue matrices, biosensor-based screening, and molec-ularly imprinted polymer-based methods that serve as chemical alternatives to the use of immunosensors. 

Investigations of enzyme-catalyzed direct electron transfer introduce the basis for a future generation of electrocatalysts based on enzyme mimics. This avenue could offer new methods of synthesis for nonprecious metal electrocatalysts, based on nano-structured (for example, sol—gel-derived) molecular imprints from a biological catalyst (enzyme) with pronounced and, in some cases, unique electrocatalytic properties. Computational approaches to the study of transition state stabilization by biocatalysts has led to the concept of theozymes . " ... 

One direct approach to the separation of chiral compounds is called molecular imprint polymers (MIPs) that involves the formation of a three-dimensional cavity with the shape and electronic features that are complementary to the imprinted or target molecule. 

Figure 10. E-fracture face of the plasma membrane during active synthesis of ordered microfibrils in secondary wall of Valonia macrophysa. Imprints of microfibrils run parallel to one another. TC s numbered 1 and 2 direct opposite ways to one another.

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