Impinging velocity fluctuation

Using multipoint measurement, the points of the most intensive fluctuation are ascertained, and the spatial integral intensities of fluctuation between the outlets of the two drawing tubes are calculated. The results of examining the influences of the impinging velocity, w0, on these two amounts indicate that both increase linearly with u0 increasing. 

The impinging velocity, u0, exhibits significant effects on both the intensity of fluctuation and its major frequency range. Both increase as n0 increases. 

As can be expected, the intensive fluctuation region is symmetrical with respect to the impingement plane, provided the two streams leaving the drawing tubes are at the same velocity. This is simply because the two sides of the reactor have the same structure. In addition, the figures also show that the region is essentially symmetrical about the flow axis, suggesting that the above assumption is reasonable. 

The impact of a surfactant on a turbulent shear layer near the air-sea interface was studied by direct numerical simulations [311] which show that the inviscid blocking effect of a clean interface, the attenuation of vertical fluctuating velocities and the increase in horizontal turbulence intensities is significantly reduced by surfactant contamination. If the surface is covered by a surfactant, concentration gradients are formed by the impinging turbulent eddies which diminish the renewal of near-surface fluids and reduce the scalar transfer rate. 

The Rydberg atom experiments described above are well adapted to the study of the atomic observables via the very sensitive field ionization method. The observation of the field itself and its fluctuations would also be very interesting. (In the Bloch vector model, the field variables are associated to the pendulum velocity whereas the atomic ones are related to its position). It has recently been shown either by full quantum mechanical calculations or by the Bloch vector semi-classical approach that if the system is initially triggered by a small external field impinging on the cavity, the fluctuations on one phase of the field become at some time smaller than in the vacuum field. This is a case of radiation "squeezing" which would be very interesting to study on Rydberg atom maser systems. 

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