Impinging streams horizontal

Figure 2 Impinging stream contactors of various configurations [51. (a) Coaxial-horizontal two impinging streams (b) Horizontal three impinging streams (c) Coaxial-vertical two impinging streams (d) Curvilinear two impinging streams (e) Curvilinear four impinging streams (f) Four impinging streams. A—air P-—particles W water.

Since 1995, the author of the present book has organized a number of investigations, theoretical and experimental, on the properties and application of the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor (SCISR) [9, 13, 15-18, 31], The flow configuration inside the reactor is two impinging horizontal streams, as shown in Fig. 

MOTION OF A SINGLE PARTICLE IN CO-AXIAL HORIZONTAL IMPINGING STREAMS... 

The penetration-oscillation movement of a single particle in horizontal onedimensional impinging streams is shown in Fig. 2.1, where the coordinate x defines the positive direction of motion or flow. 

Figure 2.1 Movement of single particle in co-axial horizontal impinging streams.

As an example, let us now examine the specific case of particle motion at 25°C and atmosphere pressure. The related physical properties are dp = 0.001 m, pp = 1000 kg-nf p, = 1.145 kg-in. and pg = 1.798 Pa s. The calculated values for the terminal velocity and the operational condition ranges are given in Table 2.2. An important conclusion that can be drawn from the data listed in the fourth column of Table 2.2 is that the Stokes regime cannot exist in co-axial horizontal impinging streams while other regimes are applicable in this kind of impinging stream. 

Wu and Wu [50, 51] studied the residence time distribution of particles in a typical co-axial horizontal gas-solid impinging stream contactor (ISC). The structure of the experimental impinging stream device is shown in Fig. 3.1. The body of the contactor is made of plexiglass. The horizontal cross section of the upper chamber is a square of 0.4x0.4 m, and the bottom is tapered sharply in order to avoid the solid material heaping up. This equipment essentially meets the requirements stated above. 

Figure 4.1 Horizontal two-impinging stream contactor for study on the hydraulic resistance.

To make sampling easier, the open horizontal co-axial two-impinging stream device is employed in the experiments, as shown in Fig. 5.1. 

Kuts et al. [88, 89] patented a spray dryer with rotating impinging streams for solutions or suspensions of thermal sensitive materials, as shown in Fig. 6.2. The drying chamber is a horizontal cylinder, 1.2 m in diameter and 4 m long. The main airflows at 150°C enter axially the drying chamber from the two sides with the sprayed... 

Figure 6.5 Tangential-horizontal two impinging streams dryer [58].

In earlier investigations aimed mainly at verifying the enhancement effects of impinging streams, the common horizontal two impinging streams was mostly employed, although some other flow configurations were also sometimes used. 

The gas-continuous impinging stream gas-liquid reactor for the experiments of wet desulfurization of flue gas employs the flow configuration of horizontal coaxial two impinging streams, as shown in Fig. 7.9. 

The major difference between the VCISR and the SCISR is the former s vertical structure, while the SCISR has a horizontal structure. This changes the flow configuration from horizontal impinging streams in the SCISR to vertical in the VCISR, and also the container form of the VCISR is changed to a cylinder. 

Wu, Gao an and Wu, Yuan (1997). RTD of particles in an impinging stream contactor of two horizontal jets—(I) A theoretical analysis. Proc. 2nd Joint China/USA Chem. Eng. Conf. 459-462, Beijing. 

The Stratford Engineering Company s (Kansas City, Missouri) continuous SO organic mist sulfonation uses a high speed atomizing rotor to horizontally disperse the organic feedstock stream impinging on the reactor walls in the presence of SO gas to effect sulfonation of petroleum feedstocks (290). 

PM Control - An impingement-plate scrubber is a vertical chamber with plates mounted horizontally inside a hollow shell. Impingement-plate scrubbers operate as eountercurrent PM collection devices. The scrubbing liquid flows down the tower while the gas stream flows upward. Contact between the liquid and the particle-laden gas occurs on the plates. The plates are equipped with openings that allow the gas to pass through. Some plates are perforated or slotted, while more complex plates have valve-like openings. 

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