Impedance techniques overview

Dielectric properties can be measured by any instrument that provides the frequency-dependent impedance Z or complex capacitance C in the relevant frequency range. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) is nowadays able to cover a frequency range fiom 10 Hz up to 10 ° Hz with affordable instrumentation, typically combining fi quency response analyzers (FRA), bridges, and networic analyzers at the radio fi quencies. A comprehensive overview about dielectric techniques, instrumentation, and modeling is given in Kremer and Schonhals (2002). 

This chapter on the fundamentals of corrosion is a short introduction in those parts of thermodynamics and electrochemistry, which are required for an understanding of corrosion phenomena and the related mechanisms. To keep the chapter small enough, only a condensed overview could be given and it should be seen as a recapitulation of the basics. Other important topics for corrosion, especially methods for corrosion research, are not mentioned here. Modern corrosion research applies various in situ and ex situ methods, spectroscopic and surface analytical tools like XPS, AES, Raman and IR-spectroscopy scanning techniques like STM, AFM, SEM, and electron microprobe analysis impedance spectroscopy and potential scanning methods like SRET and SVET and theoretical calculations. The application of these methods will be mentioned in the different chapters. Literature describes these methods in detail, which is recommended to the interested reader [5,. ... 

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