Immunosuppression anticonvulsants

The anticonvulsant phenytoin, and to a lesser degree carbamazepine, can inhibit the synthesis of antibodies, and in some cases these drugs can result in lymphoproliferation [77-79]. These effects on the immune system could be viewed as a type of autoimmunity. The relationship between such effects and autoimmunity are still not clear, although the more recent observations that cytokines and anti-cytokines can cause autoimmunity support the existence of such a relationship. The previous edition of this book contained an extensive discussion of the possible relationship between immunosuppression and autoimmunity [80], Phenytoin and carbamazepine can also cause a lupus-like syndrome although the incidence is lower than with many other drugs. 

TDM has improved the performance of anticancer, antidementia, antidepressant, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antimicrobial, antipsychotic, antiretroviral, anxiolytic, hypnotic, cardiac, addiction treatment, immunosuppressant, and mood stabilizer drags for more than 30 years.2-9 Many analytical procedures evolved as analytical techniques and instrumentation have advanced. This chapter briefly reviews the different types of analytical methods the applications of high-throughput techniques in TDM are discussed in detail. 

The following drug classes may have a potential drug interaction with nevirapine Antiarrhythmics, anticonvulsants, antifungals, calcium channel blockers, cancer chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide), ergot alkaloids, immunosuppressants, motility agents, opiate agonists. 

Immunosuppressants,. antiretrovhals,. .. .../. anticonvulsants, cardiac glycosides Diuretics... 

Perhaps the best laboratory test to compare with pharmacogenetic testing is a drug blood level, technically called therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), which could be considered a phenotypic test of metabolic enzymes [97]. Almost no studies of TDM cost effectiveness exist [98], except for some studies of antibiotics. However, TDM appears to be standard clinical practice (medical insurers routinely reimburse for it) for classic anticonvulsants, theophylline, digoxin, immunosuppressants, and some psychiatric drugs [98]. 

Isatin (lH-indole-2,3-dione) is an endogenous compoimd identified in humans. This class of compoimds possesses a wide range of biological activities [35] that include antiallergic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiuretic, antithrombotic, antitubercular, antiviral, anxiogenic, immunosuppressant, muscle relaxant, and sedative activities. Vine et aL [36] synthesized a variety of isatin derivatives (XII) and evaluated their cytotoxic activities against the human monocyte-Uke histiocytic lymphoma (U937) ceU line in vitro. We used these cytotoxic data to develop QSAR Eq. 11 (Table 5) ... 

Aminobenzimidazoles have potent biological activity (e.g., mebendazole, oxfendazole, beno-myl) <838861, 88JMC260), and other benzimidazoles are anticonvulsants, sedatives, immunosuppressants, antitumour agents, and antihistaminics <85JMC1934,92JHC1033>. 

Pipecolic acid (2-piperidine carboxylic acid) is a precursor of various bioactive compounds such as thioridazine (antipsychotic agent), pipradol (anticonvulsant agent), a potassium opioid analgesic, and immunosuppressant FK-506, all of which have been prepared from pij olic acid [149-151]. Ng-Youn-Chem et al. [152] developed an enzymatic pro-... 

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