Immune response precipitated immunogens

To increase immunogenicity, the hepatitis A vaccines commercially available are coupled to adjuvant aluminium phosphate or aluminium hydroxide. However, alum precipitates provoke inflammatory responses at the injection site. Immunostimulating reconstituted influenza virosomes have therefore been used as an alternative adjuvant. In 1994, a hepatitis A vaccine using the new adjuvant was licensed in Switzerland, and it was later approved for use in other countries the vaccine was well tolerated and highly immunogenic (SEDA-20,290) (SEDA-22,344). Nine people with a history of ocular sensitivity were immunized with hepatitis B, without untoward reactions. However, this result in such a small series should not be overestimated (75). There have been reports of three cases of inflammatory nodular reactions after hepatitis B immunization aluminium allergy was confirmed (76-78). 

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