Immiscible-phase separation

Agitator failure either due to electrical or mechanical failure could result in loss of system control and "hot spots" in the reactor. In suspension systems loss of agitation could negate much of the "heat sink" effect as the immiscible phases separate and stratify. 

Species with low solubility in water may exist in solid form (e.g., Ag2S, BaS()4) or liquid form (e.g., chlorinated solvents). Precipitation reactions and immiscible-phase separation are important processes affecting this type of speciation. 

Acid-base, hydrolysis, hydration, neutralization, oxidation-reduction, polymerization, thermal degradation Adsorption-desorption, precipitation-dissolution, immiscible-phase separation, biodegradation, complexation Acid-base, neutralization, oxidation-reduction (most inorganic and some biologically mediated), adsorption-desorption, precipitation-dissolution, complexation Hydrolysis, oxidation-reduction (biodegradation of anthropogenic inorganics), immiscible-phase separation... 

Immiscible-phase separation Transformation Processes No Fluids (such as gasoline) that are immiscible in water are a significant consideration in near-surface contamination. Deep-well injection is limited to wastestreams that are soluble in water. Well blowout from gaseous carbon dioxide formation is an example of this process that is distinct to the deep-well environment. 

An insoluble liquid or gas will separate from water, resulting in immiscible-phase separation. The behavior of nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs) that may be lighter (LNAPLs) or denser (DNAPLs)... 

Lawrence et al. described a simpler post-column ion-pair derivatization technique, whereby the alkaloids were separated by means of an organic mobile phase on silica gel. The column eluate and the aqueous DAS solution were mixed and the two immiscible phases separated. About 50% of the organic phase was led to the fluorimetric detector. Various parameters influencing the bandwidth were investigated, i.a. the influence of methanol in the mobile phase. An increasing methanol content deteriorated the signal to noise ratio, and the most useful range was 0-15% methanol. The detection limit for atropine was found to be 40 ng. 

Miscible and immiscible Phase separation behavior Thought to be hydrogen Hefford, 1984... 

Blends of a PAI and poly(aryl ether ketone) exhibit improved solvent resistance and hydrolytic stability. Blends of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and PAI have been tested as membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells. Miscible blends can be obtained. Blends of poly(urethane)s (PU)s and PAI, as the minor component have been reported for membrane applications. The resulting membranes are immiscible. Phase separation occurs when the amount of PU decreases. 

Liquid-liquid extraction involves the contacting of a solution with another solvent, which is immiscible with the original solvent, in which a desired solute in the original solution is soluble. Thus, two liquid phases are formed after addition of the new solvent. These two immiscible phases separate because of a difference in densities. Some component of the original solution will be more soluble in the new solvent than in the original solvent thus, this component will be extracted from the original solution through contact with the new solvent. 

We have employed the temperature-dependent interaction parameter determined by CP measurements to calculate the spinodal miscibility boundary of PMMA-NP/PS composites as a function of nanoparticle radius at constant blend composition (see Figure 1). Complete miscibility across the 275-675 K temperature range was predicted for PMMA-nanoparticles with radius less than 6.8 nm in spite of the well-known immiscibility between PMMA and PS homopolymers. Conversely, for PMMA-nanoparticles with radius higher than 7.2 nm, complete immiscibility (phase separation) is expected. For PMMA-NP of radius in between 6.8 and 7.2 nm, partial miscibility was predicted as a function of temperature (the blends displaying upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type behavior). No significant changes was observed when % values from SANS experiments [11, 12] were employed in the calculations. 

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