Immiscible liquids, separation

The contours which intersect with the liquidus contours define the separation surface where two immiscible liquids separate in the melt. This can be seen to be 953°C on the pure-lead side, falling to 930°, 900°, etc. as one increases the tin. 

Petroleum emulsions are composed primarily of immiscible liquids. Separation should be the natural tendency of these liquids, providing a density differential between the liquids exists. 

Reddy and Zahn have performed extraction of non-DNA material from an aqueous phase into an organic phase [210]. The ability to contain the two immiscible liquids separated was found to be a function of the viscosity of the two phases and the interfacial tension. High viscosity and low interfacial tension facilitate a stable flow. The reduction in interfacial tension was performed using surfactants. 

A wide variety of designs are used for gravity segregation in immiscible-liquid separators horizontal or vertical vessels, troughs (API separators), and vessels with various internet confignrauons or parallel plates. 

FIGURE 3.3-6 Immiscible liquid separation selection chan. 

FIGURE 3.3 7 Immiscible liquid separator particle size range. 

It is also important to note that the distribution of the common ion(s) accounts for the potential difference established at the liquid/liquid interface. Diffusion potentials can also play a part, but the potential differences derived in the above expressions are equilibrium values arising because of the differences in solvation of the participating ions. As a historical note, some of the earliest experiments on immiscible electrolyte phases were performed with the aim of establishing transport numbers of ions, using a variant of the concentration cell, with an immiscible liquid separating the two aqueous phases (33). 

Two immiscible liquids Separating funnel Insolubility Water and petrol water and oil... 

Mixtures of partially immiscible liquids separate into two liquid phases for some compositions. For example, hexane and methylcyclopentane (mcp) are miscible for all compositions. Also, aniline and mcp are miscible for all compositions. However, aniline and hexane are immiscible. The ternary phase diagram for mcp-hexane-aniline at 45 "C and 1 atm is sketched below. 

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