Imidocarb

There are no hiUy effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of thederiasis. Chlorotetracycline (20) and oxytetracycline (3) have therapeutic activity duting the iacubation period. Pamaquiae (68) was reported to have a specific effect on the erythrocyctic forms. Other dmgs with limited efficacy are imidocarb (19) on T annulata halofugiaone (45) on both T annulata and T parva and the naphthoquiaones menoctone (76), parvaquone (88), and buparvaquone (89) on T parva. Methotrexate (90) has been found to be active in vitro (Table 9). 

Imidocarb is a carbanilide used for treatment and prophylaxis of piroplas-mosis and anaplasmosis. It can be administered by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection to cattle, sheep, and horse at dosages of 1.2-3.4 mg/kg bw. 

In cattle, imidocarb is well absorbed and distributed tlrroughout the body. After subcutaneous administration to calves of 3 mg radiolabeled imidocarb/kg bw, absorption of the drug was rapid with mean peak plasma concentrations of 1316 ppb equivalents occurring 1 h after dosing. The level of radioactivity remained constant for up to 4 h after dosing but declined to 279 ppb equivalents 24 h after dosing. More than 70% of the radioactivity was found to be bound to plasma proteins. Most of the administered radioactivity was excreted in feces, with smaller amounts in the urine. The major component of both urine and feces was identified as the unchanged imidocarb. 

When cattle were given a single intramuscular injection of 3 mg imidocarb/ kg bw, residues in kidney, liver, muscle and at the injection site were 13,600, 16,300, 1500, and 4200 ppb, respectively, at 7 days after dosing, declining to 3200, 3700, 500, and 1700 ppb, respectively, at 28 days after the last dose. In lactating cows given two injections of 3 mg imidocarb/kg bw, 28 days apart, residues in milk were in the range of 604-793 ppb 1 day after the first treatment and these declined to below 10 ppb at 7 days after treatment. 

Imidocarb Bovine kidney Bond-Elut CBA MeOH MeOH contg TEA 316... 

From the other anticoccidial drugs, benzamides can be readily extracted as ion-pairs into dichloromethane at strong alkaline conditions (pH 11) using tetrabutylammonium as pairing ion (257). Imidocarb residues have been partitioned into chloroform from alkaline water extracts containing sodium chloride (409), while ethopabate can be partitioned into ethyl acetate from water extracts containing sodium chloride widiout pH adjustment (388). 

Imidocarb Bovine Acetone/Na2CO3 17 Spherisorb Solvent A 0.01 M UV 260 nm 1 ppb/ 409... 

The similarity of B. equi to Theileria spp. has led many investigators to look at the efficacy of some theilericidal drugs in the treatment of B. equi infections. Preliminary studies suggest that these drugs may be effective in eliminating B. equi when used in combination with imidocarb. 

Imidocarb has a direct effect on the structure of Babesia spp. and is the drug of choice for equine piroplasmosis (see Ch. 3). Imidocarb has cholinergic effects and may cause adverse, potentially... 

Imidocarb diproprionate 2 mg/kg, once daily for 2 days for Babesia cabalt 4 mg/kg, every 3 days for four treatments for Babesia equb i.m. i.m. 

Table 3.2 The disposition kinetics of imidocarb (4mg/kg, i.v.) in healthy and experimentally infected (febrile) goats. Results are expressed as mean + SD.

Abdullah, A.S. Baggot, J.D. (1986a) Influence of induced disease states on the disposition kinetics of imidocarb in goats. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 9, 192-197. 

Babesiasis Babesia spp. Trypan blue, acriflavine hydrochloride, quinuronium sulphate, dimi-nazene, pentamidine, phenamidine, imicarbalide, imidocarb, primaquine, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, clindamycin. 

Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, imidocarb dipropionate, gloxazone. 

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