HRTEM imaging

Fig. 12.11 (a) TEM analyses at high-resolution image (HRTEM) of a AU/AI2O3 catalyst (b) histogram distribution of the average size of Au particles [28]... 

Figure 12 (a) TEM image of the material synthesized by the continuous-wave laser powder method, (b) High resolution TEM image (HRTEM) of the cross section for an SWNT bundle. Adapted with permission from Bolshakov, A. P. Uglov, S. A. Saveliev, A. V. et at. Diamond Relat. Mater. 11 2002, 927. Copyright 2002, with permission from Elsevier. 

Fig. 13. HRTEM image of an as-grown thick PCNT. 002 lattice image demonstrates the innermost hollow core (core diam. 2.13 nm) presumably corresponding to the as-formed nanotube. The straight and continuous innermost two fringes similar to Fig. 5 are seen (arrow).

In Fig. 1 is shown a HRTEM image of part of the end of a PCNT. The initial material consisted of carbon nanotubes upon which bi-conical spindle-like secondary growth had deposited[21], apparently by inhomogeneous deposition of aromatic carbonaceous, presumably disordered, layers on the primary substrate nanotube. Prior to further heat treatment, the second-... 

Similar results were found by Bacsa el al. [26] for cathode core material. Raman scattering spectra were reported by these authors for material shown in these figures, and these results are discussed below. Their HRTEM images showed that heating core material in air induces a clear reduction in the relative abundance of the carbon nanoparticles. The Raman spectrum of these nanoparticles would be expected to resemble an intermediate between a strongly disordered carbon black synthesized at 850°C (Fig. 2d) and that of carbon black graphitized in an inert atmosphere at 2820°C (Fig. 2c). As discussed above in section 2, the small particle size, as well as structural disorder in the small particles (dia. —200 A), activates the D-band Raman scattering near 1350 cm . ... 

The length and the diameter of MWCNT can be measured directly by TEM. From high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images exhibiting oo.l fringes follows the number of coaxial tubes and possibly the microstructure of the caps in MWCNT, as viewed along the incident electron beam [24], Also anomalous intercylinder spacings and defects are revealed in this way [1,11]. 

Using HRTEM the chiral angle can also be deduced from the moird or coincidence pattern formed in the central area of the tube image between "front" and "back" surfaces of the tube. 

Figure I HRTEM images of the (a) 14M and (b) Llo martensite in Ni-Al including the corresponding SAED patterns.

Figure 2 [001] HRTEM images of the austenite with static precursor distortions observed prior to the (a) 14M and (b) LIq transformation in Ni-Al. The position of the satellite for (a) is indicated in the inset.

Figure 3 (a) [001] HRTEM image of the distorted austenite of figure 4 after (a) 1 min. and (b) 5 min. irradiation with 400 keV electrons inside the microscope. The increase of the modulation amplitude is apparent. The line in (b) indicates an interface between two adjacent martensite variants. 

Figure 6 [001] HRTEM image of the distorted austenite of L2i Ni2MnGa Heusler alloy clearly revealing modulated ISO s. The modulation wavelength is appr. 6(110) planes (courtesy Zheludev et al. ).

Figure 8 HRTEM image of the ineommensurately modulated phase observed at room temperature in Ti5oPd43Cr7- The modulations can be described by a sinusoidal wave with wave-vector 0.31 [IlOJbcc (courtesy Schwartz et al. )...

Fig. 6. Typical representative of the TEM image (A), and HRTEM image (B) of PVP -capped nanoparticles.

Figure 11 (a) [13] shows the cross section of HRTEM image of the tested specimen. Amorphous silicon area occurs... 

The effect of oxidation pretreatment and oxidative reaction on the graphitic structure of all CNF or CNF based catalysts has been studied by XRD and HRTEM. From the diffraction patterns as shown in Fig. 2(a), it can be observed the subsequent treatment do not affect the integrity of graphite-like structure. TEM examination on the tested K(0.5)-Fe(5)/CNF catalysts as presented in Fig.2(b), also indicates that the graphitic structure of CNF is still intact. The XRD and TEM results are in agreement with TGA profiles of fi-esh and tested catalyst there is no obviously different stability in the carbon dioxide atmosphere (profiles are not shown). Moreover, TEM image as shown in Fig. 2(b) indicates that the iron oxide particle deposited on the surface of carbon nanofibcr are mostly less than less than 10 nm. 

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