Image-charge potential

The experiment is performed at various voltages and the barrier height values are corrected for the image charge potential by extrapolating to zero voltage. 

Field emission is characterized by its temperature independence. Here meff is the effective mass of the carrier in the dielectric. The essential assumption of the Schottky model is that a carrier can gain sufficient thermal energy to cross the barrier that results from superposition of the external field and image charge potential. Neither tunnelling nor inelastic carrier scattering is taken into account. The following current characteristic is predicted for the Schottky junction ... 

These Schottky energy barriers are measured in the presence of an electric field in the structure which is necessary to be able to collect the photocurrent. The photocurrent thresholds are not the zero electric field Schottky barriers because of the electric field in the polymer and the image charge potential created when the electron leaves the metal. This effect results in a lowering of the Schottky energy barrier given by [34]... 

By treating surface recombination as a hopping process in the image charge potential, Scott and Malliaras [140] have derived a very simple equation that describes the injected current as a function of electric field, temperature, and measurable parameters of the organic, namely the dielectric constant, the site density, and the drift mobility. The current has the usual form of thermionic emission, but with an effective Richardson constant that is several orders of magnitude lower than that in inorganic semiconductors. The results of the model are in... 

Rose and Benjamin [194, 187] studied the adsorption of Na+ and CF on the Pt(lOO) surface and concluded that the structure of the solvation complex around Na and Cl is very similar to the structure in the bulk . In this study, the same model for the water-metal interactions was used as in the preceding study of Li+ and F hydration [189]. The ion-surface interactions, however, were described by a modified image charge potential which was smoothly truncated. The authors discussed in some detail the anisotropy of the hydration complex that is induced by the density inhomogeneities at the interface. In a study of Fe + and Fe + hydration [197],... 

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