Igepals

Examples of nonionic surfactants are Emulphor ON and the Igepals (both Antara Chemicals), and Triton X-100 (Rohm Haas Company). 

This test was prepared and is limited to type 1 (low-density) polyethylenes. Specimens are annealed in water or steam at 212°F (100°C) for 1 h and then equilibrated at room temperature for 5-24 h. After conditioning the specimens are nicked according to directions given. The specimens are bent into a U shape in a brass channel and inserted into a test tube that is then filled with fresh reagent (Igepal). The tube is stoppered with an aluminum-covered cork and placed in a constant temperature bath at 122°F (50°C). 

The biodegradation of pyrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, dibenz[a,/t] anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, and coronene by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been studied in the presence of a range of synthetic surfactants (Boonchan et al. 1998). Nonneutral surfactants were toxic, biodegradation was also inhibited by the neutral Igepal CA-630, and the positive enhancement of removal of substrates was generally low—in the range of 10%. 

Plant material. Weigh 25 g of the chopped and frozen sample into a blender jar. To check recoveries, spike the fortification samples with the appropriate volume of metabolite standard at this point. Add 200 mL of acetonitrile-water (4 1, v/v) to the jar, and blend the sample at medium speed for 5 min. Filter the extract through a Buchner funnel fitted with a glass-fiber filter pad into a 500-mL round-bottom flask containing 10 drops of Antifoam B and 3 mL of 10% aqueous Igepal CO-660 (nonionic surfactant). The flask is connected to the Buchner funnel by means of an adapter suitable for applying vacuum to the system. 

Drain the aqueous acetonitrile (lower) phase into a 500-mL round-bottom flask, and save the separatory funnel for extraction. Extract the hexane-fat mixture by transferring the mixture back to the polypropylene centrifuge bottle and adding 100 mL of acetonitrile-water (4 1, v/v) solution. Balance the duplicate centrifuge bottles, and cap and shake the bottles for 10 min on the shaker. Centrifuge the second extract at 11 000 rpm for 15 min. Decant this second extract into the 250-mL separatory funnel as before. After phase separation, combine the aqueous extracts in the 500-mL round-bottom flask, and discard the top hexane-fat layer. Add 10 drops of Dow Coming Antifoam B emulsion and 3 mL of 10% aqueous Igepal CO-660 (nonionic surfactant) to the flask. 

Milk. Shake the sample vigorously, and immediately weigh 25 g of milk into a 500-mL round-bottom Aask. Add 10 drops of Dow Corning Antifoam B emulsion and 3 mL of 10% aqueous Igepal CO-660 (nonionic surfactant) to the Aask. Fortify the sample in the Aask. 

Igepal CO-520 (Rhone-Poulenc). Span surfactant series. 

HDZ = hydrazine Igepal CO-520 = polyoxyethylene(5)nonylphenyl ether ISO = isooctane LAc = linoleic acid MA = methylamine MST = mesitylene Ni°(cod)2 = bis (r]4-l,5-cyclooctadiene) Ni(0) NMPyr = N-methylpyrrole OA = oleylamine OAc = oleic acid Oc = octane OcA = octylamine ODA = octadecylamine PAA = poly (acrylic add) PD = 2-pyrrolidone Igepal CA-520 = polyoxyethylene(5)isooctylphenyl ether PVP = polyvinylpyrrolidone Pyr = pyrrole RAc = ricinoleic acid ... 

Ci2H25NMe20" Dodecyldimethylamine oxide C12H25NMe2(CH2)3S03 12-3 Zwittergent, Sulfobetaine R0(CH2CH20) (CH2)20H Brij, Igepal, Triton 2 x 1(T3... 

Fig. 2.2.5. Migration behaviour of octylphenol ethoxylates with dependence on degree of ethoxylation. Buffer 10 mmol LT1 phosphate, pH 6.8, 70 mmol L-1 SDS, 35% acetonitrile. Samples Igepal CA-520 (n — 5) Triton X-100 (n — 9-10) Igepal CA-720 (n — 12) Triton X-405 (n = 40). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [22] 1997 Springer Verlag.

A series of DCE-based formulations containing Igepal CO-630 Special (N9) and dextran sulfate (DS) were evaluated for in vitro contraceptive testing. Also included in the screening tests were placebos, N9, two commercial spermicidal products (Conceptrol and KY Plus), vaginal moisturizer products (KY Jelly and Replens ), and saline. Test results are summarized in Table 6. The N9-containing products exhibited similar spermicidal activity, as illustrated by the minimum effective concentration (MEC). Samples without N9 did not have spermicidal activity. DCE placebo vehicle inhibits sperm penetration into the cervical mucus, illustrated by the very low MOET values after 1 10 and 1 160 dilutions. This activity has not been reported for anionic or nonionic polymer vehicles. There are no striking differences... 

Suitable active substances for the membrane of the Ba ISE are ionophore XX (nonylphenoxy-poly(ethylenoxy)ethanol, Igepal CO-880, Antarox CO-880) [123,... 

In this extraction, the concentrated surfactant-rich phase was a solid rather than a liquid. Abbreviations for surfactants Igepal CO-630 nonylphenoxypoly(ethylenoxy)ethanol PONPE-7.5 polyoxyethylene(7.5)nonylphenyl ether PONPE-10 polyoxyethylene(10)nonylphenyl ether TRITON X t-octylphenoxypolyoxyethylene ether. 

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