Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Mutations and Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism... 

Seminara, S. B., Hayes, F. J., and Crowley, W. F. (1998) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in the human (Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann s syndrome) Pathophysiological and genetic considerations. Endocr. Rev. 19, 521-539. 

Beranova, M., Oliveira, L. M. B., Bedecarrats, G. Y., et al. (2001) Prevalence, phenotypic spectrum, and modes of inheritance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mutations in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86,1580-1588. 

Pitteloud, N., Zhang, C., Pignatelli, D., Li, J. D., Raivio, T., Cole, L. W., Plummer, L., Jacobson-Dickman, E. E., Mellon, P. L., Zhou, Q. Y., and Crowley, W. F. Jr. (2007). Loss-of-function mutation in the prokinetidn 2 gene causes Kallmann syndrome and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 17447-17452. 

NachtigaU LB, Boepple PA, Pralong FP, Crowley WE Jr. Adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism—a treatable form of male infertility. N Engl J Med 1997 336 410-15. 

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) consists of those patients without a deficient sense of small, anosmia, or adrenal insufficiency. This subset of IHH results in reproductive failure that may be caused by at least 20 different mutations of the GNRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) receptor (GNRHR) gene. 

GnRH is used to induce puberty in males with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). GnRH (15 to 150 ng/kg/hour) is administered by an infusion pump that... 

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (congenital or acquired) Idiopathic gonadotropin or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) deficiency or pituitary-hypothalamic injury from tumors, trauma, or radiation. 

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