Identification of hydrogen

J.J. Antel, Identification of Hydrogen in Materials by Resonance Detection of Neutrons , Watertown Ars, Mass TR 73-8 (1973)... 

LBST (Ludwig-Bolkow-Systemtechnik GmbH) (1998). Identification of Hydrogen By-product Sources in the European Union, ed. Zittel, W. and Niebauer, P. (LBST), study funded by the European Commission under Contract No. 5076-92 11 EO ISP D Amendment No. 1. 

It was found that both the replacement of the secondary amide unit with a bulkier tertiary amide and the incorporation of a thiourea moiety instead of the urea unit resulted in a significant improvement in stereoinduction (from initial 80% ee obtained with 42 to 97% ee). This led to the identification of hydrogen-bonding Schiff base thiourea catalyst 47, while the urea derivatives 43-46 gave lower ee values (Figure 6.16). 

Raftery DP, Smyth MR, Leonard RG, Kneafsey BJ, Brennan MC. Identification of hydrogen peroxide as the autoxidation product of N-phenyl-2-propyl-3,5-diethyl-l,2-dihydropiridine. Anal Commun 1996 33 375-379. 

The identification of hydrogen bonds in proteins is, as in small molecule X-ray... 

The study of stage (i) defined above required a method that could identify the most reactive sites in the molecule for a specific type of reactions, and could describe the nature of that reactivity in terms that are independent of the actual chemical identity (i.e., atomic composition) of the reactive site. The latter characteristic is particularly important in comparison of drugs that are structurally unrelated but that can act on the same receptors. A trivial example of a method for stage (i) is the identification of "hydrogen bonding sites" in a molecule, or even more specifically, its "proton donor" and "proton acceptor" sites. 

The identification of hydrogen cracks is not simple, as they can occur in a variety of locations and orientations, and can be trans-granular or intergranular, the latter being more likely if the steel or weld metal is of the alloyed type, or exceptionally hard. In the HAZ, hydrogen cracks are usually longitudinal to the weld (unless they are extensions of transverse weld metal cracks) and usually have a portion close to the fusion boundary. However, the cracks may divert into the fine-grained HAZ, as in Fig. 1.2(b), or into the weld metal. 

Infrared spectroscopy is ideally suited to the qualitative analysis of polymer starting materials, finished products, and the quantification of components in polymer mixtures. FTIR spectroscopy is reliable, fast and cost-effective. This chapter describes several approaches to the quantitative measurement and analysis of IR spectra of typical polymer samples, particularly for the identification of hydrogen... 

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