Hysteresis compensation

During the last lew years, important research has gone into the addition of multiple humectants and water to food systems. Studies have shown that a hysteresis effect may occur with certain humectants. i.e, a different rate of moisture absorption than the rate for moisture desorption. Multiple humectants tend to compensate these hysteresis effects, giving uniform rates in both directions. 

Scans are made in opposite directions and averaged to compensate for hysteresis in the recording system... 

Figure 17.13 Comparison of mathematical and in-situ compensation, current response and hysteresis loop of stand-alone 300 nm x 300 nm PZT capacitor...

The temperature dependence of the Faraday and Kerr rotation in a number of amorphous Gd1 xFex alloys was studied by Hartmann (1982). Results obtained for the latter alloys are reproduced in fig. 53. These results have to be compared with the temperature dependence of the magnetization shown for Gd0 2Fe0 8 in fig. 52. It follows from the results of Hartmann that all the Gdt xFex alloys shown in fig. 53 have a compensation temperature, which decreases with increasing Fe concentration. However, no such features are seen in the magneto-optical effect in the sample is merely due to one of the two sublattice magnetizations. In accordance with this feature is the observation by means of hysteresis loops at temperatures above Tcomp but inverted types of hysteresis loops at temperatures... 

Fig. 54. Schematic representation of the temperature dependence of the total magnetization M and the type of hysteresis loops observed by means of magneto-optical effects in the temperature ranges above and below the compensation temperature Tcamp. The orientations and relative magnitudes of the Gd and 3d sublattice are indicated for each case by arrows.

The hysteresis loops observed are due to thennal effects as tire width of loops in the high activity state is about 30 K in good agreement with tlie temperature increase along the catalyst bed measured by the two tliermocouples placed before and after the catalyst. On cooling the heat of the reaction compensates for the decreasing inlet temperature and keeps the xylene conversion... 

Fig. 61. Compositional dependence of the saturation magnetization M, and the longitudinal Kerr rotation angle in GdFe alloys films. The longitudinal Kerr hysteresis loops reverse at the compensation composition jc = 0.79 (after Imamura and Mimura, 1976).

---