Respiration during hypoxia

Neubauer, J.A., Melton, J.E., and Edehnan, N.H. 1990. Modulation of respiration during brain hypoxia. 7. Appl. Physiol. 68 441. 

Neubauer, J.A., Melton, J.E., and Edelman, N.H. 1990. Modulation of respiration during breiin hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology 68 441-451 Nilsson, G.E. and Lutz, P.L. 1991. Release of inhibitory neurotransmitters in response to anoxia in turtle brain. The American Journal of Physiology (AJP) — Legacy 26LR32-R37 Owen, O.E., Morgan, A.P., Kemp, H.G., Sulhvan, J.M., Herrera, M.G., and Cahill, G.Rjr. 1967. 

Chandel N, Budinger G, Choe S, Schumacker P. Cellular respiration during hypoxia role of cytochrome oxidase as the oxygen sensor in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 1997 272(30) 18808-18816. 

Guyenet PG. Neural structures that mediate sympathoexcitation during hypoxia. Respir Physiol 2000 121 147-162. 

While reflex stimulation of respiration during hypoxia is ascribed to the arterial chemoreceptors, hypoxia still affects the central structures responsible for processing... 

Solomon IC. 2000. Excitation of phrenic and sympathetic output during acute hypoxia Contribution of medullary oxygen detectors. Respir Physiol 121 101-117. 

Respiratory System Patients spontaneously breathing isoflurane have a normal respiration rate but a reduced tidal volume, resulting in a marked reduction in alveolar ventilation and an increase in arterial CO tension. Isoflurane depresses the ventilatory response to hypercapnia and hypoxia. While an effective bronchodilator, isoflurane also is an airway irritant and can stimulate airway reflexes during induction, producing coughing and laryngospasm. 

Respiratory effects Rate of respiration may be increased by inhaled anesthetics, but tidal volume and minute ventilation are decreased, leading to an increase in arterial CO tension. Inhaled anesthetics decrease ventilatory response to hypoxia even at subanesthetic concentrations (eg, during recovery). Nitrous oxide has the smallest effect on respiration. 

Chavez JC, Pichiule P, Boero J, Arregui A. Reduced mitochondrial respiration in mouse cerebral cortex during chronic hypoxia. Neurosci Lett 1995 193 169-172. 

Schwieler GH. Respiratory regulation during postnatal development in cats and rabbits and some of its morphological substrates. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1968 304. Rigatto H. Control of ventilation in the newborn. Annu Rev Physiol 1984 46 661-667. Ackland GL, Noble R, Hanson MA. Red nucleus inhibits breathing dining hypoxia in neonates. Respir Physiol 1997 110 251-260. 

Frappell P, Saiki C, Mortola JP. Metabolism during normoxia, hypoxia and recovery in the newborn kitten. Respir Physiol 1991 86 115-124. 

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