Hypohalogenic acid

Photochemical processes are also relevant in the marine environment and the overlying troposphere. The concentration of halides in sea-salt particles is significantly higher (approximately 5 M) than in cloud droplets, and hence different reaction paths should control the overall chemical processes. It has been demonstrated in model studies that marine sea-salt aerosol particles act as a source for halogen species, such as CI2, Br2 and BrCl formed by reactions of halides with hypohalogeneous acids, HOC1 and HOBr, in pH-dependent reactions ... 

The halogen azides are prepared by the reaction of metal azides with halogens or the hypohalogenic acids. 

Halogen cations afford hypohalogen acids or X2 + H20, or 7V-halo compounds. The HO- is obtained from water, which must be present in sufficient amount.261 The corresponding halohydrin ethers are formed when the reaction is carried out in an alcohol. Halogens and the silver salts of carboxylic acids in CC14 give acyl hypohalites RCOOX, which are added as X+ and RCOO- to C=C bonds at low temperatures.262-265... 

Therefore, the chemical modification of the tin dioxide surface during halide ion oxidation (Equations 10.1 and 10.2) is due to the reaction of hypohalogenous acid with the protein side-chains. Actually, during the process, two types of reaction occur i) the oxidation of sulfur atoms and ii) the substitution of the hydrogen (H) of some amine/imine/amide groups, i.e., oxidation and halogenation of the protein side-chains occurs. 

HOCl, HOBr, HOI hypochlorous acid hypohalogenic acid... 

The reaction with HO2 gives hypohalogenic acids (HOCl, HOBr and HOI) ... 

The proposed aulocalalytic mechanism critically depends on the rale of reaction (1). Our calculations stress the need for improved kinetic data of hypohalogenic acids in concentrated halogenide solutions. Because the H" concentration determines the rate of reaction (1), better knowledge of aerosol pH is also required. Furthermore the Henry s law constant (H) of HOBr needs to be determined. We have assumed HOBr = 92.6 M atm, which is 1/10 of the solubility constant of HOCl at 293 K Ref. [29]. In sensitivity studies, we find that the value of //noBr can be lowered to 0.1 M atm until HOBr solubility limits the mechanism suggested. 

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