Hyphal wall

It iaterferes with the synthesis of the hyphal walls, the biosynthesis of nucleic acids, and the synthesis of chitin. The iateraction with microtubules has also been described. The sensitivity of a cell seems to depend particularly on the abiUty to form griseofulvin—nucleic acid complexes. Further information concerning griseofulvin is available (21). 

Figure 1. Single hypha of C. versicolor grown on malt agar, labelled with rabbit anti-laccase antibodies, localized with goat-antirabbit gold conjugate. The label is restricted to the hyphal wall, with little label in the cytoplasm. Magnification x 16,000.

Figure 2. Higher magnification of laccase-labelling in the hyphal wall and mucilage layer. No label is seen on the plasma membrane or within the cytoplasm. Magnification x 59,500.

Figure 7. Higher magnification of generative hyphal walls from N-limited nutrient agar grown cultures labeled for lignin-peroxidase. Double layer of label on both margins of the hyphal wall. Magnification x 11,000.

Figure 2. Labeling with anti-crude enzyme mixture. A and B show the specificity of the antibodies compared to the preimmune-treated control C, plasmatic and cytoplasmic localization of the enzymes. No labeling in the fungal wall. (Pm, plasmalemma W, hyphal wall.)...

Fig. 4.5. Flow of dyes from hydraulically lifted water into an AM fungal hypha. Shown is the dye moving through the hyphal wall, and equilibrating with the cytoplasm. Photograph by Louise Egerton-Warburton and details of the staining process can be found in Querejeta et al. (2003).

Lectin-hapten relationships are also important to the establishment of mycorrhizal relationships. In the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphus ericae there are binding sites specific for Concanavalin A in an extracellular matrix that surrounds hyphal walls (22,9 22.). When cultured in the presence of host roots the matrix and associated hapten (mannose) increase in abundance but gradually disappear after penetration and establishment of symbiosis (24.). Noninfective strains of the fungus lack the hapten even when grown in the presence of a potential host (2Sl). ... 

Aspergillus oryzae and Fusarium solani were lysed by a strepto-mycete enzyme-system containing chitinase and several j8-D-(l—>3)-glucanase components. The major, hyphal-wall components are chitin and a glucan having )8-d-(1— 3)-linkages, and solubilization occurred when the two enzymes were used in combination, but not when they were used separately. 

Burnett JH (1979) Aspects of the structure and growth of hyphal walls. In Burnett JH, Trinci APJ (eds) Fimgal walls and hyphal growth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 1... 

Hyphal walls are usually two layered with an inner layer of microfibrillar materials, usually chltln or cellulose, or both and an outer layer of amorphous glucan. The chltln Is composed of... 

Studies on the Synthesis, Organization, and Conformation of Crystalline Nigeran in Hyphal Walls... 

When hyphal wall preparations of either A. awamori or... 

Nigeran extracted with hot water represents about 5% of the wall s dry weight(, ) but studies by Bobbitt et. (3), have shown that this treatment fails to extract all the nigeran. They conclude that nigeran chains occupy at least three distinct domains in the hyphal wall and that the polymer s organization in situ is highly crystalline. While it cannot be ruled out that a certain proportion of non-crystalline nigeran may be present in the wall, all three domains contain the crystalline polymer. The first fraction is directly... 

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