Hyperosmotic infiltration

Hyperosmotic infiltration whereby fish are dipped into a strong saline solution followed by immersion in the vaccine suspension (Croy and Amend, 1977 Giorgetti et al, 1981). Although effective, the technique is stressful to fish (Busch et al, 1978) and the level of protection is only comparable to inamersion (Antipa et al, 1980). Consequently, hyperosmotic infiltration is no longer used. 

CROY, T.R. and amend, d.f. (1977) Immunization of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerkd) against vibriosis using the hyperosmotic infiltration technique. Aquaculture 12, 317-325. 

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