Hydroxylamine glutamine synthesis

The glutamo- and asparto-amide transferases are in another category. They transfer the amide (or hydroxylamine) radical without hydrolysis, i.e., the enzyme s specificity does not include water as a replacement agent. And with sufficient ATP at least one glutamotransferase can effect the synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid and ammonia. 

Another model enzyme system of interest in connection with protein synthesis is glutamyltransphorase, studied in bacteria by Waelsch et aL and in plant extracts by Stumpf. There is no net synthesis of amide linkages brought about by this enzyme, which exchanges the amide group of glutamine with added ammonia, or with hydroxylamine. Stumpf has... 

Speck (1947, 1949) and Elliott (1948,1951) have described an enzyme in brain and pigeon liver which accomplishes a synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid in the presence of adenosine-triphosphate and ammonia. In the presence of hydroxylamine instead of ammonia, glutamyl-hydroxamic acid is formed. Elliott (1951) has postulated that 7-phos-phorylglutamic acid is formed as an intermediate in the reaction, but it has not been possible to isolate this substance from the reaction products. Elliott and Gale (1948) showed the presence of a similar enzyme in Staph, aureus and Fry (1953) has demonstrated its presence in a wide variety of bacteria including Strep, faecalis. Cell-free preparations of the... 

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