Hydroxycinnamic acids, occurrence

Vanbeneden, N., Gils, R, Delvaux, R, Delvaux, R R. (2008). Formation of 4-vinyl and 4-ethyl derivatives from hydroxycinnamic acids occurrence of volatile phenolic flavour compounds in beer and distribution of padl-activity among brewing yeasts. Food Chemistry, 107, 221-230. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.008. 

In our analysis of the chemical structures which are active tur-inducers (41) it was found that the compounds fell into four groups (1) acetophenones and related structures, (2) monolignols, (3) hydroxycinnamic acids and their esters, and (4) chalcone derivatives (Fig. 1). Each compound had either a guaiacyl or a syringyl nucleus, and with the exception of the monolignols, possessed a carbonyl group. Most were of common occurrence in vascular plants. 

Schultz, J.M. and Herrmann, K. (1980) Occurrence of hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid in spices. IV. Phenolics of spices. Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 171,1 93-1 99. 

Bokern, M., Heuer, S. and Strack, D. (1992) Hydroxycinnamic acid transferases in the biosynthesis of acylated betacyanins purification and characterization from cell cultures of Chenopodium rubrum and occurrence in some other members of the Caryophyllales. Bot. Acta, 105, 146-51. 

Bergmann, L, W. Thies, and K. Erdelsky The occurrence of glucosamine esters of hydroxycinnamic acids... 

Coffee has been reported to inhibit LDL oxidation in vitro. One class of phenolic substances, the hydroxycinnamic acids, is ubiquitous in its occurrence the most common member of this class is chlorogenic acid, which has been shown to inhibit the oxidative modification of LDL in vitro [49]. Coffee, along with apples and berries, is a major source of chlorogenic acid in the human diet. 

A hydroxycinnamic acid-spermidine amide has been isolated from the drug Crataegi flos, which is raw material prepared from the flowers of a Crataegus subspecies and is reported to have cardiotoxic properties. Chemical and spectroscopic methods have indicated that this amide is iV, A, A -tri-4-( )-coumaroylspermidine (87). Also, the occurrence of this amide in flowers of various members of the Rosaceae has been investigated... 

Naim M, Zehavi U, Nagy S, Rouseff" RL. Hydroxycinnamic acids as off-flavor precursors in Citrus fruits and their products. In Ho CT, Lee CY, Huang MT, eds. Series 506 Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health I. Analysis, Occurrence, and Chenustry. Washington, DC ACS, 1992 180 191. 

The phenolic corqtounds in plant material are dealt with in detail in 18.1.2.5. Hydroxyben-zoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavones and flavonols also occur in vegetables. Table 17.9 provides data on the occurrence of anthocyanins in some vegetables. 

Gallic acid is almost invariably found in plant tissues in ester form (109). Various simple esters of gallic acid have been described from plant sources (Table 1 and Table 5) and these metabolites are in many ways analogous to the hydroxycinnamoyl esters occurring in plants (31). These esters are thus formed by association with sugars, polyols, glycosides and other phenols. In contrast to the hydroxycinnamic acids however (100), fully authenticated examples of the occurrence of N-acyl derivatives (with amines, amino-acids and alkaloids) of gallic acid have not yet been described in the literature. 

Herrmann, K. (1989). Occurrence and content of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid compounds in foods. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 28, 315-347. 

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