Hydroxy-proprionic acid

AMPA a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid... 

Gilron, I., Max, M.B., Lee, G., Booher, S.L., Sang, C.N., Chappell, A.S., and Dionne, R.A., Effects of the 2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-proprionic acid/kainate antagonist LY293558 on spontaneous and evoked postoperative pain, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 68, 320, 2000. 

The excitatoiy amino acids (EAA), glutamate and aspartate, are the principal excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain. They are released by neurons in several distinct anatomical pathways, such as corticofugal projections, but their distribution is practically ubiquitous in the central nervous system. There are both metabotropic and ionotropic EAA receptors. The metabotropic receptors bind glutamate and are labeled mGluRl to mGluRB. They are coupled via G-proteins to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, phospholipase D, and cAMP production. Ionotropic EAA receptors have been divided into three subtypes /V-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-proprionic acid (AMPA), and kainate receptors (Nakanishi 1992). 

At least three types of excitatory amino acid receptors have been identified, termed the NMDA, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxa-zole proprionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors according to their affinity for specific excitatory amino acids (see p. 57). Antagonists of some of these receptor types, such as MK 801 and D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentano-ate (AP5), were then shown to protect neurons in vivo against the... 

Antagonists of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoyl)proprionic acid (subset of excitatory amino acid receptors in the brain, of interest for treatment of neurodegenerative disease)... 

Figure 7 Ion exclusion isocratic separation of organic acids. Peaks 1 chloride, 2 oxalate, 3 pyruvate, 4 tartrate, 5 malonate, 6 lactate, 7 malate, 8 acetate, 9 isocitrate, 10 citrate, 11 p-hydroxy-n-butyrate, 12 succinate, 13 proprionate. (Reproduced with permission from Dionex Product Selection Guide 1991.)...

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